ABSTRACT
In this paper I present the public heath importance of vaginal douching or vaginal cleaning risk behavior among women and sexually active adolescent girls in Tanzania. I argue, vaginal douching control exclusion from sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus and cervical cancer diagnosis, treatment and control guidelines explains, in part, why health professionals (physician, obstetricians and gynecologists) rarely advise their clients on this risk behavior. Similarly, this exclusion explains why there are limited research and (public) health interventions aiming at combating vaginal douching hazards among douching women and sexually active adolescent girls in this country. I recommend the Ministry of Health and (health) development partners to initiate, encourage and support health (medical and public health) research to generate comprehensive and informative multidisciplinary data on vaginal douching behaviors and practices and their impact to douching women’s and sexually active adolescent girls’ health and wellbeing. The goal is to generate data that would facilitate improving healthcare professionals’ ability to diagnose, treat, control, and prevent vaginal douching-related health problems and illnesses among douching women, sexually active adolescent girls and the populace in Tanzania.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the influence of a person's optimistic and pessimistic personality on the saving habits of household financial managers in Kupang City. To achieve the purpose of the research in question, in this study, the author took literature sources from financial management and psychology, then the relevant hypotheses were built. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques using the help of SmartPLS software. This research was conducted in 2 (two) stages, namely the initial stage and the advanced stage. At the initial stage, we determine the topic and theme of the research, and formulate a research problem. In the advanced stage, conduct data collection, analysis, data interpretation and finally compile the final research report. The results of this study show that both optimism and pessimism influence saving habits through prudence in shopping.

ABSTRACT
Exiting empirical data on female homosexuality demonstrate women who have sex with women engage in risky sexual behaviors and practices that put them at risk of woman-to-woman transmitted infections and other same-sex sex health-related problems. However, the level of risk varies among women in same-sex relationship pending on sexual risk behaviors they engage in, posing differentiated perceived and real health needs. I present perceived health needs among women who have sex with women in Tanzania. Four qualitative methods were used to collect data: in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, collecting participants’ life stories and observations. Data analysis deployed thematic approach where open systematic coding of data in the participants’ language and combining emerging emic concepts with preconceived theoretical constructs was used. With the exception of the women who identify transgender men or tomboys, women interviewed reported having similar primary and specialized health needs like their counterparts. Transgender men reported in need of affordable sex toys, lubricants and trusted healthcare providers skilled to manage their specific health needs. Deep-rooted belief that homosexual females are at low risk of HIV and other STIs coupled with a lack of awareness of the link between female same-sex sexual practices and diseases informed the poor risk perception demonstrated by women studied. I recommend for larger ethnographic and multidisciplinary (longitudinal/cohort) studies, with different designs and nationally representative samples to assess women who have sex with women’s health needs and wellbeing in the Tanzania context.