ABSTRACT
Objective: Coronaviruses belong to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and four genera, namely: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was first officially reported in Wuhan City of China. Consequently, on February 11, 2020, the CSG named the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); it causes the disease dubbed Covid-19. The virus was officially declared pandemic by WHO, on March 11, 2020. Up till date, no drug, including the existing ones, has been approved for covid-19 treatment. The objective of this work, is to carry out a review on proven herbal extracts and the phyto-compound contents, for possible antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, and thus, as potential candidates for Covid-19 vaccine. Materials and Methods: Investigation into proven plant species against respiratory tract diseases was carried out between 1st to 30th of July, 2020 via: (a) Conduction of interview with traditional herbal healers and users, in south-western Nigeria on efficacies and history of use of identified plant species; (b) Search to confirm active phyto-compounds in the traditionally identified plant species via: (i). the free ELSEVIER repositories at the ‘COVID-19 RESOURCE CENTRE’ hosted on ELSEVIER Connect. (ii). Unrestricted resources in the PubMed domain. (iii). Unrestricted publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID-19 database. Results: Findings revealed herbal extracts of: (i). Zingiber officinale, (ii). Psidium guayava, (iii). Nigella sativa, and (iv). Hibiscus sabdariffa; are highly rich in phyto-compounds with potent antiviral properties, and therefore suit as a potential remedy against Covid-19. Conclusion: Identified plant species possess phyto-compounds with antiviral activities, thus projecting them as potential candidates for development of Covi-19 vaccine.

ABSTRACT
Herbal treatments have historically been utilized to treat various human diseases. To find a single ingredient that could be the basis for creating new therapeutically effective products, researchers studied herbal medicines. Annona squamosa Linn has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cytotoxic, gene-toxic, and anticancer properties. The primary active components of A. squamosa leaves, flavonoids, have been utilised to treat a variety of human ailments. Quercetin and rutin, two flavonoids, have been shown to have anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and heart disease preventive properties. In the present study in -vivo and in -silico evaluation of anthelmintic potential of Annona squamosa leaf methanolic extract was carried out. Further proposed mechanism of Anthelmintic efficacy of Annona squamosa leaf was determined by molecular docking.

ABSTRACT
Pain is a term that refers to a spectrum of sensations of varying types and intensities, ranging from unpleasant to intolerable. The struggle to relieve pain began with the advent of mankind. Analgesics can be defined as drugs that reduce the sensation of pain without losing consciousness. Analgesics act in different ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They differ from anesthetics in that they reversibly eliminate sensation, acetaminophen [known in the US as acetaminophen, or simply APAP], non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] such as salicylates, morphine and opioids such as opiates. When choosing an analgesic, the severity and response to other drugs determine drug choice. World Health Organization [WHO] pain ladder. Herbal medicines have less side effects and less harm, so they have a higher market value. The nutritious jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) is a member of the Rhamnaceous family and grows mainly in inland areas of Europe, southern and eastern Asia, Australia and especially northern China. Jujubes have a long history as fruit and medicinal. The main bioactive components are vitamin C, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruit have highlighted the following biological effects: B. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and gastrointestinal protective activity in macrophages and inhibition of foam cell formation. Further focus on clinical trials and phytochemical definitions of jujube fruit will be essential for future research efforts. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the analgesic potential of Ziziphus jujube hydroalcoholic fruit extract.

ABSTRACT
In folklore medicine, Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (Piperaceae), has demonstrated a good activity in malaria treatment and this has also been proven pharmacologically. Most antimalarial agents have demonstrated negative effects on spermatogenesis. For effective development and formulation of this plant resource into a dosage form that will be well tolerated by humans, the leaf extract of the plant was therefore evaluated for reproductive toxicity associated with antimalarial drugs in male Wistar rats at 250, 500 and 1000mgkg-1 doses for it effect on the sperm characteristics as well as the histology of the testes. Rats, divided into three groups (n=6) administered with 250, 500 and 1000mgkg-1 doses of the extract and a fourth one which was the control (administered with distilled water), were used for a period of twenty days following standard procedure. The result indicated, although the normal sperm morphology was not significantly affected, a significant reduction of sperm count and active motility by 93 and 71 (p<0.05) observed at 1000 mg/kg and interstitial necrosis of the testes at 500 which became severe at 1000 mg/kg. The extract was however safe at 250 mg/kg. The usual spermatotoxicty of antimalarials was therefore indicated at 500 and 1000mg/kg. The study has proven that P. pellucida leaf educed the usual antimalarial spermatotoxicity.

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the chemical composition of mistletoe leaves growing on fig tree. The mistletoe leaves and the fig leaves used for this research were harvested from Fig plant. Proximate analyses, phytochemical screening, Elemental and antioxidant analysis were done on both leaves. This study has provided a scientific justification that both the Fig leaves and Mistletoe leaves contained relevant phyto constituents such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoid, and steroids; whereas antraquinones, tannins, phenols, resins and terpenoids were completely absent. Nutritionally relevant inorganic minerals like, Calcium, magnesium and potassium were the most abundant element in both plants. Proximate constituents like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were present in varied amounts in both leaves. Result of inhibition of free radicals in fig leave extract increases with increase in concentration of the extract. The inhibition is closely comparable with that of the standard (Vitamin C) at the same concentration. The inhibition by the extracts of mistletoe grown on fig tree is low when compared with that of Fig and that of standard. This suggests that some of the chemical characteristics of mistletoe are conferred to them by their host trees.