ABSTRACT
The colon and rectum are the primary organs affected by colorectal cancer (CRC), which is the primary cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Inflammation, particularly in disorders like inflammatory bowel diseases, increases the risk of colorectal cancer, with environmental factors playing a crucial role. The majority of adenocarcinomas typically develop from the epithelial cells that line the colon and rectum as a result of a complex series of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Benign precursor lesions such as adenomatous polyps trigger the slow progression of CRC over a period of ten years or longer. Its etiology is influenced by sporadic, familial, and hereditary forms; prominent hereditary syndromes include Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis. Chromosome instability and microsatellite instability are the two main tumorigenic pathways that underpin the pathophysiology of CRC, exhibiting regional differences in the global epidemiology. Approaches: TNM classification is the basis for diagnosis, and various treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, are employed during treatment. Surgical treatments, from minimally invasive procedures to colectomy, are essential and highlight the importance of total excision of the mesocolic region. The standard therapeutic approach consists of chemotherapy and targeted agents; however, newer like gene therapy and immunotherapy show promise. In order to improve outcomes and lessen the burden of the disease, combating CRC requires comprehensive strategies that include early detection, prevention, and innovative therapeutic interventions.

ABSTRACT
This overview delves into the intricate interplay between adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in regulating heart function. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play a powerful role in controlling cardiac function by activating adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. In the human heart, there exist α1, β1, and β2- adrenoceptors and M2-muscarinic receptors and possibly also (prejunctional) α2-adrenoceptors. The human heart has a very uniform distribution of β1 and β2-adrenoceptors and a heterogeneous distribution of M2-receptors (more receptors in the atria than the ventricles). Heart rate and contraction force increase whenever β1 and β2-adrenoceptors are stimulated, while heart rate and contraction force fall when M2 receptors are stimulated (directly in the atria and indirectly in the ventricles). The distribution of β1 and β2-adrenoceptors in the human heart can be changed by pathological conditions (like heart failure) or pharmacological interventions (like -blocker medication), nevertheless, M2-receptors are much less influenced. The intricate relationships between these receptor systems offer possible cardiovascular disease therapy strategies. More research must be conducted, focused on the complex control mechanisms that regulate cardiac function and pathology, to fully comprehend the subtleties of these signalling pathways and how they affect heart health.

ABSTRACT
Ion channels play crucial roles in cardiac function, regulating the flow of ions across cell membranes in response to various stimuli. These proteins exhibit selective permeability to specific ions such as Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl− and their gating mechanisms can be voltage-dependent, ligand-dependent, or mechano-sensitive. Sodium channels, for example, are essential for cardiac action potentials and are implicated in various heart pathologies. Mutations in these channels can lead to situations like long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Calcium channels are vital for excitation-contraction coupling, and L-type channels are predominant in cardiac myocytes. They regulate calcium influx, which is crucial for myocardial contraction. T-type channels, although less prevalent in hearts, contribute to pacemaker activity and may influence heart rhythm. Potassium channels, including voltage-gated and inward rectifier channels, are crucial for maintaining the resting membrane potential and regulating action potential duration. Dysfunction of potassium channels are associated with arrhythmias and cardiac pathologies like long QT syndrome. Additionally, the Na+-K+ pump maintains cellular ion gradients essential for various physiological processes. Understanding the structure and function of these ion channels provides insights into cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, guiding the development of targeted therapies for heart disorders.

ABSTRACT
Background: Alopecia is a condition in which some or all of the hair from the scalp is lost. One recent preventative measure is the inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase. Inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase converts circulating testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels are widely employed in industry and to treat a variety of illnesses. However, accurate identification is necessary to improve efficacy, repeatability, and quality. Pomegranate, or Punica granatum L., is a member of the Punicaceae family. It is known as "anar" or "dadima" on the Indian subcontinent. For hundreds of years, P. granatum has been used to treat conditions like peptic ulcer, dental disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and numerous types of cancer. Method: Further scientific validation of the current investigation was done by computational based molecular docking study of lead molecules of P.granatum Peel against 5α-reducatase(SRD5As) enzyme. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilizing a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were constructed using the chem sketch, converted to 3D, and then energetically reduced up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: Punica found to be effective anti-alopecic agent and their lead molecules effectively binds to be target protein 5α-reducatase (SRD5As) with binding energy -7.15, -7.66 & -7.07 kcalmol-1 for Apigenin, luteolin and taxifolin respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that every lead compound that was chosen for further study exhibited strong 5'-reductase (SRD5 As) inhibitory activity, hence eliciting the anti-alopecic potential.

ABSTRACT
Background: The pancreas becomes inflamed when someone has pancreatitis. When the digestive enzymes are triggered before they are released into the small intestine and start targeting the pancreas, pancreatic injury results. Pancreatitis comes in two different flavours: acute and chronic. Gallstones and alcohol use are two of the many factors that can cause pancreatitis. Pancreatitis can be treated well with medicinal plants. Desmodium gangeticum (DC), a plant of the Fabaceae family, is also known as salpan, salvan, and sarivan in Hindi. The plant is bitter, sweet, thermogenic, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, carminative, constipating, diuretic, febrifuge, cardiotonic, anticholinestrase action, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant, and it is highly beneficial in treating a variety of medical conditions. Method: In the current work, NF-kβ receptor inhibitors were sought after using a molecular docking approach. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilizing a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were constructed using the chem sketch, converted to 3D, and then energetically reduced up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: D.gangeticum found to be effective anti-pancreatitis agent and their lead molecules (daidzein and genistein)effectively binds to be target protein NF-kβ receptor with binding energy -5.99 & -5.81 kcalmol-1 for daidzein & genistein respectively. Conclusion: It was discovered through a computationally based docking analysis that both lead compounds exhibit strong NF-KB receptor inhibiting effects. The results demonstrated a promising docking score and lead molecule's pattern of binding to the target protein's active region with strong covalent bonding. The synergistic impact of daidzein and genistein is what gives aqueous extract from D gangeticum its ability to heal pancreatitis.

ABSTRACT
Neonatal infections represent a prevalent issue impacting newborns during their initial days, resulting in escalated mortality rates, particularly evident in less developed nations. Two studies examined the microbes responsible for the beginning of infections in newborns and compared different treatment modalities. Predominant infectious manifestations included septicemia, meningitis, septic arthritis, and pneumonia. Gram-negative Klebsiella and Staphylococcus emerged as the prevalent bacterial strains responsible for neonatal infections. The antibiotic regimens commonly employed in medical facilities in Libya comprised of ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, amoxicillin, meropenem, amikacin, tazocin, and cloxacillin. Gender disparities were observed in the incidence rates of septicemia and meningitis, with the former being more recurrent in females. The collective fatality rate stood at 5–10% among the entire neonatal cohort.