ABSTRACT
Nature has been a basis of medicinal agents for past era and an remarkable number of current drug have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. Plants from the genus Coleus have been used in conventional medicine by many cultures. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and volatile constituents have been reported as the major phyto-constituents of the Coleus aromaticus. In the present work an attempt had been made for assess the pharmacognostic parameters, total flavonoid content along with chromatographic fingerprinting of aqueous extract of C.aromaticus via TLC and HPLC analysis. The results revealed the presence of rosmaranic acid and chlorogenic acid present in the aqueous extract of the C.aromaticus.

ABSTRACT
Background: Self-medication and non-compliance with good dispensing practices cause a real public health problem. This study aims to evaluate the dispensation of analgesics in the private offices of the commune II of the district of Bamako. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in seventeen private pharmacies of the commune II of Bamako. It consisted of collecting data on the dispensing of analgesics with or without a medical prescription over October 2020 to March 2021. Results: 302 clients were included in this study. 18 to 35 age group was the most represented with 47.68%. The most represented occupation was merchants with 25.16%. More than 64% of clients came forward with a medical prescription and 35.43% for self-medication. Headaches were the primary motivation for the purchase of analgesics with 33.77% of demands. In monotherapy, paracetamol was the most dispensed molecule with 20.2% followed by tramadol with 18.87% among which 4.97% was dispensed for self-medication and 13.91% by prescription. Fixed combination Paracetamol/Codeine was the most dispensed by prescription with 16.56% and 9.93% for self-medication. 1.32% of the fixed combination Paracetamol/Tramadol was demanded for self-medication and 7.62% by prescription. We observed a hight non-compliance with the rules of dispensing analgesics from List I with 32.02% by self-medication. Conclusion: The main molecules solicited with or without prescription were paracetamol/codeine, paracetamol and tramadol. There is also a high over-the-counter dispensing of list I analgesics.

ABSTRACT
With recent research in novel drug delivery formulations to provide stable and economical drug delivery systems, the pivot is on hydrogel which are known to minimize the problems of not only conventional dosage forms but also of novel drug delivery systems. Hydrogel is a biocompatible, convenient and stable drug delivery system for molecules as small as NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or as large as proteins and peptides. Healing of wounds begins from the moment of injury and can be extended for varying periods of time depending on the degree of wounding and the process of wound healing can be broadly classified into three stages; inflammatory phase, proliferate phase, and finally the remodeling phase which finally governed the strength and appearance of the healed tissues. Research had been recognized flavonoids to be an exceptional class of therapeutic molecules due to their versatile therapeutic potential. Rutin, class of flavonoid (vitamin P) has been explored for a numeral of pharmacological effects. In the present work attempted was made to determine the efficacy of rutin in hydrogel drug delivery system for the evaluation of wound healing activity. The drug content of the formulation H2 (0.025%w/w) was less than H3 (0.030%w/w), therefore H2 formulation was considered as best formulation.

ABSTRACT
Activated carbon is a widely used industrial adsorbent mainly composed of carbonaceous material with relatively high surface area and porous structure. This attributes allows it to preferentially adsorb organic materials and other non-polar compounds from a gas or liquid stream resulting to its significant application in many industrial processes. This study investigates the adsorption efficiency of acidic treated activated carbon and its untreated activated carbon on the adsorption of lead (Pb) and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The activated carbon was prepared from palm kernel shell as the precursor and was characterized based on its porosity having value of 0.18, iodine number of 440.95 mg/g, surface area of 433.65 m2/g and surface acidity value of 0.20 mmol H+/g. The palm kernel shell activated carbon was subjected to various treatment conditions of (40oC, 60oC, 80oC) temperatures, (30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours) treatment time and (1 M, 2 M, 3 M) concentrations of HNO3.The most suitable condition for the acidic treatment was determined by subjecting each of the treated activated carbon to surface acidity analysis. The highest surface acidity value of 2.55 mmol H+/g was obtained at treatment condition of 80oC, 2 hours and using 3 M concentration of the acid while the lowest value of 0.65 mmol H+/g was obtained at 40oC, 2 hours and 1 M concentration. Effect of the surface acidic treatment of the adsorbent on adsorption was investigated by comparing the adsorption capacity of the highly treated adsorbent with the untreated adsorbent for the adsorption of lead and 2,4-DCP. It was revealed that the treated adsorbent is better for the adsorption of lead while the untreated adsorbent is better for the adsorption of 2,4-DCP.

ABSTRACT
Diabetes is an opportunistic killer. Approximately 77 million people in India suffer from diabetes. A person develops diabetes due to genetic predisposition, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, diet low in fruits and vegetables. Modification of life style and pharmacotherapy of diabetes are often indicated to control diabetes and emergence of complications. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prescription pattern of anti diabetic drugs among indoor patient with adherence to WHO core prescribing indicator. This was a prospective observational study. All the relevant data were collected and drug utilization pattern of AHA was determined. Direct cost associated with the use of ant hyperglycemic medicines was calculated and consumption of the ant hyperglycemic medicines was measured as defined daily dose (DDD)/100 bed-days. The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to anti-diabetic medicines was monitored. In the present study, 99 (50.3%) of the 197 diabetic patients were males. Majority of patients were in the age group of 51-60 years (39.6%) and most of the patients (36.5%) had a diabetic history of <5 years. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug (68%), followed by sulfonylurea class of drugs (49.7%). Nearly, 42% patients were using insulin preparations with 30.4% using biphasic isophane human insulin. Majority of the patients (58.4%) were on multidrug therapy with two drug therapies being received by nearly 40%. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug in monotherapy (18.8%) and glimepiride + metformin was the most common two drug therapy (13.2%). Co-morbid condition was found in 172 patients (87.3%) with hypertension (68.5%) being the most common co-morbid condition. 17 ADRs were observed with hypoglycemia being the most common ADR reported. To conclude, the study reveals that Metformin continues to be the choice of oral hypoglycemic agents with least adverse effects and insulin was used to treat uncontrolled