ABSTRACT
Background: Anterior-posterior thigh diameter measurement via two-dimensional sonography (2D-US) correlates with fetal gestational age and reflects the growth and development of fetal thigh muscles and bones. This measurement, alongside estimated gestational age, offers valuable insights into fetal well-being and growth during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of gestational age with anterior-posterior thigh diameter measured by two-dimensional sonography and estimated gestational age. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2010 to January 2012. As the study subjects, a total of 250 healthy women between the 24th and 38th weeks of normal pregnancy were enrolled by using a purposive sampling technique. For data analysis, SPSS version 23.0 was used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.79 ± 4.71 years with a range from 18 to 35 years. More than one-third (34.0%) of the women were in the age range of 21-25 years. The mean gestational age of all participants was 30.93 ± 4.32 weeks. Primigravida accounted for more than half (56.4%) of them. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between fetal anterior-posterior thigh diameter and gestational age (p<0.001. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant positive correlation between fetal anterior-posterior thigh diameter and gestational age.

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the plasma levels of homocysteine and lipid profile in obese and normal body weight patients (controls). The study group consisted of 50 obese patients while the control group had 50 non obese clients. Plasma homocysteine, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C) and triglycerides (TGs) were measured. The levels of total homocysteine (THCY), T-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and TGs in the obese subgroup were significantly higher than those in the non-obese controls. The elevated levels of HCY and lipid parameters also correspond to elevation of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip circumference (WHCR) in the obese subjects.

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics and chest CT findings in recovered and dead covid-19 patients. Patients: In this retrospective study, 63 hospitalized patients infected with COVID-19 were reviewed, from 1 May 2020 to 30 Dec 2020. The lobe involvement and infection pattern were evaluated in both groups. A semi-quantitative CT score was calculated based on the extent of lobar involvement (0 indicate no involvement; 1, less than 5% involvement; 2, 5-25% involvement; 3, 26%–50% involvement; 4, 51%–75% involvement; and 5, 76%–100% involvement. Results: In the recovered group, 16 (30.76%) had opacities in two lobes, 10 (19.23%) in three lobes, 20 (38.46%) in four lobes, and 16 (30.76%) in all five lobes. While, in the dead group just four (7, 63.63%) and five (4, 36.36%) affected lobes were shown. The most hallmarks of COVID-19 infection on chest CT images of recovered patients were ground-glass opacities, GGO, (26.92%), consolidation (17.30%), GGO & Consolidation predominance, MIX, (42.30%), and crazy paving (CP) patterns (13.46%). Intubation was performed for 16 patients to be recovered. While in the dead patients the lung infection was completely the MIX pattern (100%) and all of them were intubated. CT score was calculated significantly higher in dead patients than recovered patients (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our data suggest the potential role of chest CT for predicting the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 patients. According to CT results, patients with more lung involvement, the MIX pattern, and higher CT score in lung infection had less chance for recovery.

ABSTRACT
Background: Developed countries bear a higher burden of breast cancer compared to developing ones. However, they have higher survival rates (80-90%) compared to developing countries (57%). In Zambia, this is compounded by the lack of context-specific integrated predictive model and framework. Aim: To develop an integrated breast cancer ultrasound predictive model and framework suitable for clinical use in low-resource settings. Methods: A quantitative analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling and the breast ultrasound features were documented using the modified BI-RADS Atlas fifth edition. Histology results for the same patients were documented using the modified RCP reporting proformas. Finally, the ultrasound and histology findings were compared for each patient. Results: The findings of this study indicate that productive age, multi-parity, marital status (married), and employment status (employed) are significantly associated with breast cancer (P<0.05). The strength for the associations were 0.6930 and 0.7872 for reproductive age and multi-parity respectively, whereas the strength for the associations of marital and employment status with breast cancer were 0.4455 and 0.4624 respectively. Irregular shape, vertical orientation, hypoechogenicity, complex echopattern, irregular or spiculated margin contours, compression of surrounding tissue, and absence of hyperechogenic spots or a hyperechoic halo or thin capsule were found to be associated with breast cancer (P<0.05). The strength of the association of the preceding ultrasound features with breast cancer was 0.4953, 0.3712, 0.7989, 0.4722, 0.4783, 0.3527 and 0.4540 respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that breast cancer lesions in stage 2 were the most prevalent, and ductal carcinomas were the most common histological type. Conclusion: In countries with limited resources with limited access to imaging diagnostic tools, ...........

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Accurate determination of gestation is very important in routine antenatal care. Gestation age is usually determined from the last menstrual period, which is unreliable due to recall bias and menstrual irregularities etc. It is also determined from fetal biometry whose accuracy decrease with increasing gestation age. Normal placental growth determines normal fetal growth. Aim: To determine the average sonographic placental thickness and its correlation with GA among low-risk singleton pregnant women 15 weeks to 36weeks attending antenatal clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 249 singleton low risk pregnant women with known first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP) at 15 to 36weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at MRRH from June 2021 to September 2021. Ultrasound scanning was performed using GE logic V2 ultrasound machine with (3-5MHZ) convex probe. Placental thickness (PT) was measured perpendicular at umbilical cord insertion, fetal growth parameters (BPD, HC, AC and FL) were also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA© 15.0 software). Mean placental thickness with standard deviation was calculated. Pearson’s correlation was applied to determine the correlation between placental thickness (PT) and gestational age as well as foetal growth parameters. Results: In this study the participants age range was 16-43 years with mean of (25±5.59) years. Their parity ranged from 0-7(mean 1.28±1.37). The mean PT was (28.47 ± 5.43) mm. PT ranged from (17.95± 1.10) mm at 15 weeks to (37.50 ± 1.69) mm at 36 weeks. PT (in mm) had a linear relationship and a statistically significant positive correlation with GA (in weeks) (r = 0.96), p=0.001. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between PT and the fetal growth parameters. Conclusion: Placental thickness increases with increase in gestational age. A strong positive correlation between PT and fetal ....

ABSTRACT
Context and objective Schistosomoses or bilharziasis constitute the second world parasitic endemia after malaria, the objective of our study was to generally study urinary bilharzia at the Markala reference health centre. Patients and methods: It was a transversal and descriptive study carried out in the Markala reference health center on the cases of urinary bilharzoses diagnosed and treated on the basis of paraclinical investigations over a period of 29 months from January 2019 to June 2021. At the end of this study, it appears that 62 cases of urinary bilharziosis had been diagnosed, including 19 associated tumours. The average age of our patients was 28 years, with extremes ranging from 04 to 75 years. Male sex was most represented with 48 cases or 77.4%. The bambaras were the most affected ethnic group or 43.5% with a clear provenance of the Markala district (43.5%). We recorded 18 cases of chronic kidney failure, 29%, followed by chronic cystitis (19.4%). The radiological aspects of sequelae of the most found uro-genital bilharzia were: bladder tumors with 67.7%; Calcifications (ureteral and bladder) represented 32.3%; and Bilharzian cystitis (40.32%). Calcifications (ureteral and bladder) according to the topography were noted respectively 22% and 10.3%. Conclusion: A real public health problem Bilharziasis occupies second place in parasitic conditions in Mali. It represents a real obstacle to economic development because touching the most active age of the population. The paradox of bilharziasis is that, the irrigated areas, fitted out to ensure food self- sufficiency and hydroelectric dams contribute to the progression of the Bilharzian infestation.

ABSTRACT
This is a 48-month prospective descriptive study of male patients hospitalised for BAU obstruction in our urology department at the Gavardo Hospital in Bamako. At the end of the study, 1230 cases were counted. Over a 12-month period from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2023, we recorded 1,230 patients, including five hundred and fifty-four cases (554cases) of TBAU in our department. The average age of our patients was 51.6 years, and the age group most affected was 66-76 years. Among the pathologies identified, 148 cases of prostate adenoma ranked first in our urology department's surgical activity, with a frequency of 12.03%, followed by urinary lithiasis with 8.78% over a period of 48 months. During the same period, we recorded 74 cases of cancer confirmed by anatomo-histopathological examination, with a frequency of 6.03%. Conclusion: Lower urinary tract disorders are polymorphous and vary according to age. Their mechanism is not unequivocal; the disorders are either primitive due to alteration in the function of the bladder muscle known as the detrusor, of myogenic or neurogenic origin, or secondary to a sub-bladder lesion.