ABSTRACT
To Assess The Sonographically Measured Thyroid Volume In Type-I Diabetic Patients With Normal Serum TSH Level And Healthy Control Subjects And Correlation With On Age, Sex, Height And Body Weight In Both Groups. This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BlRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of 1st June 2009 to 30th May, 2010, to compared the thyroid volume evaluated by ultrasonography in type I diabetic patients with normal TSH value and healthy control subject and find out the correlation of thyroid volume with age, sex, body weight and height in both groups. For this purpose, 35 consecutive patients having type I diabetes with normal serum TSH level and 35 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Ultrasonography was done in all these patients and healthy control subjects to evaluate the thyroid volume. The following observations and results were obtained in this study: The mean age was 19.7±5.4 years and 19.3±5.9 years in group I and group II respectively, which was almost similar between two groups. Male female ratio was 1:1.3 and 1:1.1 in group I and group II respectively. The mean height and weight were almost similar in both groups.The thyroid volume increased with age in both groups. The mean±SD thyroid volume were 7.9±0.7cc, 8.0±0.5 cc, 9.0±0.4 cc and 9.4±0.3 cc in 10-15 years, 16-20 years, 21-25 years and 26-30 years age group respectively in type I diabetes patients. Similarly, in healthy control subjects the mean thyroid volume were 2.2±1.0 cc, 2.3±0.4 cc, 4.3±0.5 cc and 4.6±0.7 cc in 10-15 years, 16-20 years, 21-25 years and 26-30 years age group respectively. The thyroid volume higher in female in both groups. The mean±SD thyroid volume was 8.3±0.7 cc and 8.6±0.9 cc in male and female respectively in type I diabetes patients. In healthy control subjects the mean±SD thyroid volume was 3.0±1.3 cc and 3.3±1.4 cc in male and female respectively. In this study the mean±SD thyroid volume ............

ABSTRACT
Background: Twin pregnancy has always been of great importance and huge interest since ancient times. For the past 25 years there has been an increase in multiple pregnancies due to modern therapies. According to a study the incidence and prevalence of twin pregnancies have been increased from 18.9 cases per 1000 in 1980 to 32.1 cases recorded in 2005. Objective: To determine the ultrasonographic frequency of twin pregnancies in general population of district Jhang. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was carried out on a total of 100 participants for a period of three months. A convenient sampling technique was used in patients who visited the Manzoor Diagnostic Center, Jhang. Data was calculated by a specified performa and all measurements were taken by an experienced radiologist using ultrasonography. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Maternal age group and gestational age group and number of gestation were expressed in the form of frequency and percentage. Graphs were also used to display the data. Result: Among 100 participants The mean value of the maternal age was calculated as 26.80±3.53 with minimum age of 19 years and 33 years as maximum of age. The mean gestational age was calculated as 24.11±7.90. Single pregnancy was seen in 94% females while twin pregnancy was seen in 5% patients and only 1% female reported with multiple pregnancy status. 3% of twin pregnancies were seen in age group 23-27 following 2% in age group 28-32 years and 1% triple pregnancies were seen in age group 33-37 years. Conclusion: Our study established the relation of maternal age with number of gestation on ultrasound. We found ultrasonography allows a reliable, simple and rapid determination of number of gestations and in this way can improve obstetric care.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Assessment of testicular size is an essential and initial method for the evaluation of testicular function. For accurate measurement of testicular volume, ultrasonography is considered as most crucial radiological technique. Our study aims to determine variations in testicular volumes among healthy adults with the help of ultrasonography. Materials and Method: Our study was a prospective observational category study. It was carried out at the Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai. This study was carried between August 2019 and August 2021. A total of 100 adult males aged 18 to 70 years were assessed to measure the testicular size, and Lambert’s formula was used to calculate testicular volumes on both sides. The relationship between testicular volumes, anthropometric measurements and other characteristics of participants were also evaluated. Results: Lambert’s formula was used, and the testicular volumes were determined. A total number of 100 adult males aged 18 to 70 years (median age 38 years) participated in this study. The mean testicular volume was recorded as 21.97 ± 5.89 cm3 and 23.58 ± 5.62 cm3 on the right and left sides of the testis, respectively. The differences on both sides of the volumes were statistically significant. There was also a statistically significant correlation between age, testicular volumes, right length, left length and left testicular width. Conclusions: The result from the present study shows that ultrasonography was the most accurate method for measuring the testicular volume and evaluating gonadal functions.

ABSTRACT
Background: The main objective of this study was to evaluate lumbar spine degeneration with the help of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in an asymptomatic patient and to provide baseline data on the pattern of degeneration to understand how the lumbar spine ages. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study of 138 patients carried out at the Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, who underwent lumbar spine MRI for lower back pain. The scans consisted of sagittal and axial T1-weighted and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and STIR images. The correlation between age and the pattern of lumbar spine degeneration was evaluated. Results: The average number of degenerated disc levels significantly increased with patient’s age. In the female patient’s group, lumbar spine degeneration was observed in significantly older patients and those with a higher BMI than the male patients. MRI findings showed that the prevalence of various degenerative patterns was more common among male patients. Only disc herniation and canal stenosis were common among female patients; however, there was no statistically significant comparison between them. Conclusion: The degenerative changes in the lumbar disc can appear as early as 21-40 years. Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine increase with age, being more common among male than female patients. As age advances, the prevalence of degenerative changes in multiple levels is also found. The aetiology of these changes reported explicitly in the younger age group needs to be investigated further.