ABSTRACT
An ethnobotanical survey in Kyanamukaaka Sub-county, Masaka District was carried out to document medicinal plants used to cure helminths and other different ailments of cattle. Information on local plants used for curing helminths and other cattle diseases was obtained purposively using structured questionnaires, personal observations, interviews of herdsmen, herbalists, and farmers. Twenty-four (24) medicinal plant species used to treat helminthosis belonging to 13 families were mentioned. Euphorbiaceae being the most used (21%) family, and Fabaceae (17%) followed by Solanaceae (13%), Verbenaceae, Caparicacea, Gramineae, Phytolacaceae, Moringaceae, Lamiaceae were among the least used medicinal plants families with (4%) each. Leaves were the most used anthelmintic medicinal plant parts (46%). Ethnoveterinary medicine practices involved the use of plants as remedies collected specifically from the bush (34.9%), majority of which were herbs (33%) prepared mainly by maceration (59%) and the oral route accounted for (92%) then topical/ocular route 8% as means of administration of the anthelmintic remedies. Dosage administration varied among different remedy users. For the other ailments twenty-five (25) medicinal plants were reported, East Coast fever, trypanosomiasis, and fever were among mentioned other diseases. The research study contributes to the native knowledge of medicinal plants practiced among different communities, hence assisting in knowledge and practice preservation, which remain mostly with elderly traditional practitioners. However, there is a need for conservation, standardization of dosages, determination of the chemical composition, to be potential candidates for the development of commercial drugs.

ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at determining the effects of the acetone extract of the Chromoleana odorata leaves on male fertility by evaluating some andrological and haematological parameters of the Wistar rat. A total of 20 sexually male Albino haematological Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The rats in group A (Control) were administered with 1ml of distilled water, while rats in groups B, C, and D were administered with the extract of 100, 200 and 500 mg per Kg body weight, respectively, once daily for 28days. The result revealed that the rats in the control group (distilled water) result had significantly higher (p<0.05) sperm concentration (72.00 ± 2.83 + 106cell/ml) compared to group B (65.10 ± 2.63 + 106 cell/ml), group C (53.40 ± 3.45 + 10 6 cell/ml) and group D 42.75 ± 2.39 + 106 cell/ml treated with 500mg/kg with significant decrease in sperm concentration with increase in extract dosage. The rat in group A (control) had significantly higher (p<0.05) sperm viability percentage (96.45 ± 0.60) which when compared to group B which has the highest percentage, (92.43 ± 0.55), then a little decrease in group C (80.45 ± 3.75) and group D which has the lowest percentage (77.94 ± 2.56). The sperm motility at the control group (A) (98.53 ± 4.32) is high compared to the other group B, C and D, (95.48 ± 3.83), (83.73 ± 2.94), (75.75 ± 3.63) respectively. The pH value of the semen which vary from the control group (7.14 ± 0.16) to group B which is a little high (7.20 ± 0.13) and group C 7.19 ± 0.15, then group D which has the highest pH value 7.23 ± 0.17.There is significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology with the corresponding increase in the dosage of the extract compared across the groups. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb),white blood cell(WBC), red blood cell(RBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte, monocytes, platelets and eosino

ABSTRACT
Study was undertaken to determine variations in biometric parameters within and between the Tiv and Fulani local chickens. The study was carried out at the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State. A total of 110 birds comprising of 10 hens and 1 cock from each of five randomly selected locations for the Tiv and the Fulani chicken ecotypes were purchased and used as the base population. A mating ratio of 1 cock to 10 hens was applied to generate the experimental birds. After successful four batches of hatching, 538 chicks comprising 354 and 184 chicks for the Tiv and the Fulani ecotypes respectively were generated. The birds were raised according to their ecotype and location. Data were collected on biometric traits such as such as body length, shank length, wing lengths and breast girth. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package. The results indicate that mean linear body measurements increased with advancing age until maturity in both ecotypes. The coefficients of variation (CV) values were generally higher in the Tiv ecotype compared to the Fulani ecotype. In the Tiv ecotype, the highest CV value (42.21 %) was noted in the breast girth at 8 week of age. However in the Fulani ecotype, wing length at week 1 showed the highest CV value (14.23 %). The Fulani ecotype had significantly (P<0.05) higher body length, wing length, shank length and breast girth compared to the Tiv ecotype at all ages. Batch of hatch had significant effect on body linear measures in both ecotypes. In the Tiv ecotype, birds in batch 1 had significantly (P<0.05) higher body linear parameters compared to other batches at weeks 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 except at at week 20 where batch 3 and 4 demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) higher wing length and breast girth. In the Fulani ecotype, batch 1 at weeks 1 and 4 had significantly (P<0.05) better breast gi

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in Khartoum North – Sudan to detect antibiotic residues in different poultry tissues (liver, gizzard and muscle) using Bacillus subtilis as a test organism. A total of 213 tissue samples were obtained from a poultry slaughter house used to slaughter poultry from different poultry farms in Khartoum north. The filter paper and whole tissue methods were used and compared using Bacillus subtilis as test organism . The total number of positive samples was 67 (31.4%) The highest percentage of positive samples was detected in the liver tissues 44 (62%) and the least was in the muscles tissue 8 (11.3%). ( ≥ 3mm inhibition zone was regarded positive).There was no significant difference between this standard inhibition zone and the inhibition zone diameter produced by liver samples , but the diameter of the inhibition zone in the gizzard and the muscle vary significantly with the standard inhibition zone set for the test, with p 0≤.05. Kappa statistic was used to measure the agreement between the two method used to detect the antibiotic residues, there was a significant agreement between the two methods with p ≤.05 and the percentage agreement was 78.8%. Also chi square test showed a highly significant association between the two methods. The current study concluded that the poultry meat showed detectable levels of antibiotic residues which may indicate the widespread misuses of antibiotic in poultry farms and the lack of awareness of farmers regarding the recommended withdrawal periods of drugs.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine effect of mixed acidifier supplementation as feed additive on small intestinal morphology in laying duck. The acidifier used was in 2 forms, namely formic and fumaric acids and mixed at ratio of 1:1. This research method used in vivo experiment by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). One hundred and fifty female ducks aged 50 weeks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of T0-= basal feed/control. T0+= basal feed with addition of Bacitracin antibiotic 0.1%. T1= basal feed + 0.1% mixture of formic and fumaric acids at ratio of 1:1, T2= basal feed + 0.2% mixture of formic and fumaric acid at rasio 1:1, and T3= basal feed + 0.3% mixture of formic and fumaric acids at ratio of 1:1. The variables observed were intestinal morphology of ileum consisting of villus number, villus height, crypt depth, basal width, apical width, and villus surface area. The results showed that there were significant effects (P>0.05) in the villus height and apical width and highly significant effects (P>0.01) in the total villus number. On the other hand, treatments showed no difference effect (P<0.05) on crypt depth, basal width and surface area. In conclusion, the acidifier treatment improves intestinal morphology, especially when formic and fumaric acid mixture were supplemented at 0.1%.