ABSTRACT
One way to increase body weight and protect pigs from disease is Lactoferrin. Lactoferrin is a protein that can bind and transfer Fe3+ ions and have a bacteriostatic effect. So this research needs to be done to determine the effect of Lactoferrin in terms of body weight and the number of bacteria in pigs. The study was conducted at a pig farm in the Bangli area, Bali, Indonesia, the sample used 20 piglets given oral lactoferrin, and their anal swabs were taken. The piglets will be given Lactoferrin every day for 7 days and are weighed first, the first 10 piglets as control are not given Lactoferrin (K), the next 10 piglets are given Lactoferrin (P) at a dose of 2 ml per piglet/day then on the 7th day the anal swab was taken and the piglets were weighed again, then the number of bacteria (Total Plate Count) was calculated. The results showed that there was a weight gain of 1.24 Kg/week in piglets given Lactoferrin (P), compared to control piglets (K) which only showed a weight gain of 0.85 Kg/week, and a decrease in the number of bacteria in the treated piglets (P), which shows the number of TPC of 1.109 x 107 CFU compared to piglets that are not given Lactoferrin (K) which shows the number of TPC of 3.6183 x 108. The Lactoferrin effect on weight has no significant difference (P>0.05) but in TPC the Lactoferrin has a significant effect to reduce the TPC (P<0.05).

ABSTRACT
Cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis are parasitic diseases that are included in the list of 25 strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia based on the decree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 4026/Kpts/OT.140/4/2013. It emphasized the strategic policy to control mainly zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the current seroprevalence level of cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis in pigs in the provinces of Bali and East Nusa Tenggara. A cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 214 pig serum samples from smallholder farms. The samples were tested by specific ELISA for both cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis. Of the 214 serum samples tested, 147 (68.69%) were antibody positive to cysticercosis, and 111 (51.87%) were antibody positive to toxoplasmosis respectively. This finding suggested the strong evidence of infection of those parasitic agents where surveillance was conducted which potentially threaten human health. Therefore, food safety supervision must be tightened, including through counseling or the application of legal sanctions.

ABSTRACT
Based on Law no. 18/2009 of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Animal Husbandry and Animal Health that food of animal origin must be safe, healthy, whole and halal. From one aspect, the content of pork and rat meat in processed food products is an act of counterfeiting that is detrimental to consumers and this is against the law because of allergy and halal issues. In practice, meat adulteration by means of mixing pork or rodent derivatives with beef or chicken had been frequently detected by using molecular technology in some market in Java, Indonesia. Unfortunately, very rare information has been available in Bali and Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study was to confirm the meat adulteration issues in the region, by analyzing the surveillance data provided by the Disease Investigation Center Denpasar Indonesia. A total of 181 various kinds of samples were collected during active and passive surveillance, although only 85 samples consisting of various animal products namely meatballs, sausages, burgers and fresh meat were analyzed and reported in this study. The method used to obtain the samples were food safety key indicators approach and tested to detect species-specific, cytochrome b (cyt b) coding genes of porcine and rodent. For this, genomic DNA of porcine and rodent were isolated and subjected to PCR amplification using specific set of primers for each animal species. The PCR test showed that a box of meat sample that was previously thought to be beef was PCR positive to contain porcine DNAs. However, all of the animal products tested were negative PCR, suggesting no evidence of pork and rodent meat ingredients in the processed foods tested. It was concluded that the molecular technique could specifically be used to confirm meat counterfeit. This finding confirmed there was a degree of security guarantee for meat adulterations in processed food but not in fresh beef which has medical aspect for allergic consequences and halal fatwa.

ABSTRACT
Multifactorial respiratory problems are very common in poultry due to intensive rearing methods and caused by coinfection with bacteria (MG, MS, E. coli and Avibacterium spp.) and viruses, such as IBV and ILTV. The conventional procedures are tedious and time taking, to overcome the difficulties in diagnosis of mixed respiratory pathogens, this study was undertaken with the following objective simultaneous detection of MG, MS, IBV and ILTV by Multiplex SYBR Green Real Time PCR. The SYBR Green Real time PCR assay was standardized for simultaneous detection of respiratory pathogens in poultry by targeting IGSR gene for MG, vlhA gene for MS, N gene for IBV and ICP4 gene for ILTV in single tube. The optimized conditions for all genes was initial denaturation at 94oC for 3.59 mins, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94oC for 20 seconds, annealing at 55oC for 45 seconds and extension at 72oC for 1 min and final extension step was at 72oC for 10 mins. The amplifications of all four genes was observed and recorded the ct values of 30.28 (IGSR gene), 24.16 (vlhA gene), 19.39 (ICP4 gene) and 11.81 (N gene) and also the recorded Tms were 74.0 (IGSR gene), 82.5 (vlhA gene), 85.5 (ICP4 gene) and 80.5 (N gene). The samples with below 35 recorded threshold cycles value were considered as positive. Out of 19 farms screened, 2 were positive for ILT, 10 for MG,7 for MS and 5 for MG and MS and all were negative for IB. In sreened samples, the recorded ct values for IGSR genes ranged between 11.81 to 30.28, product Tms ranged between 74 to 87, for vlhA gene ct values ranged between 17.39 to25.81, product Tms ranged between 81 to 87, for ICP4 gene ct value was 19.08 and 19.23,product Tms was 81 and 80.5.