ABSTRACT
Introduction: Conception on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) is a rare and high-risk maternal--fetal event. We report on the first case of pregnancy with birth of a live child in our hemodialysis center in Kaolack (Senegal). Observation: A 35-year-old woman had been on chronic hemodialysis for 18 months. Amenorrhea (AS) was identified at week 22 of pregnancy. Control of blood pressure, dry weight, an acceptable hemoglobin level, and intensification of dialysis sessions, enabled a natural delivery at 32 weeks of a live newborn weighing 1200g. Conclusion: Close collaboration between nephrologists, obstetricians, neonatologists, and nutritionists determined the success of pregnancy with CHD.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Data on kidney lesions during ophidian envenomation in Niger are rare. The aim of the study was to describe a case of severe renal failure secondary to ophidian envenomation occurring in our hemodialysis nephrology department. Observation: This is a 53-year-old patient, resident in a rural town near the city of Niamey. She was referred to us from the National Hospital's Internal Medicine Department for severe renal impairment secondary to a snakebite. Clinical examination showed poor general condition, impaired consciousness with a Glasgow 10/15, severe uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic syndrome and metabolic dyspnea. On biology, severe anemia was noted at 5.3 g/dl, thrombocytopenia at 32,000 elements/µl, white blood cells at 18,109/L, urea level at 50 mmol/l and serum creatinine at 1009 µmol/l i.e. an eGFR= 4 ml/min. Despite the initiation of hemodialysis and transfusions, the patient died in a picture of septic and hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion: ARF secondary to ophidian envenomation is accompanied by a considerable risk of mortality, especially in the event of delay in treatment.

ABSTRACT
Deep vein thrombosis is one of the rare reactions that can occur after bee envenomation. A 40-year-old female presented at our facility for evaluation and management of a left lower limb swelling two weeks after suffering a bee sting. She was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The development of DVT was attributed to thrombogenic properties of bee venom and endothelial injury caused by released inflammatory cytokines. The patient’s mainstay treatment was with anticoagulants.

ABSTRACT
Primary biliary cholangitis may be another hepatobiliary association of ulcerative colitis, and although less common than primary sclerosing cholangitis should be considered as a cause of cholestasis in these patients. Here, we report a case of A 26-year-old female patient.

ABSTRACT
Endometriosis usually occurs in menstruating women up to 15%. Most common gastrointestinal involvement of endometriosis is found in the sigmoid colon, rectum and terminal ileum in 3%–37% of women. Terminal ileum is rarely involved in endometriosis. Patients with appendicular endometriosis constitute <1% cases of all pelvic endometriosis cases. Surgery is the choice of treatment for intestinal endometriosis in most cases.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hemodialysis can be used restoratively for patients with end-stage chronic renal failure [1, 2]. However, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can develop rheumatological complications that cannot be or only poorly controlled by hemodialysis. Indeed, rheumatological manifestations that develop in hemodialysis patients can be multiple and varied, and can occur early and then worsen depending on the duration of dialysis therapy [3,4]. Other complications, some not yet fully elucidated, can also adversely affect quality of life. Rheumatological abnormalities can result in clinical polymorphisms within bones and joints, but also entheses, muscles and tendons. Pathophysiologically, these manifestations can be associated with various abnormalities: e.g., calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders, immunological disturbances with increased susceptibility to infections, induced auto-inflammatory pathologies, microcrystalline arthritis, β2 microglobulin amyloidosis, etc…Despite scientific progress, there is a paucity of detailed knowledge on the many mechanisms involved and, in particular, on their multiple interactions. Overall, these conditions can lead to a significant deterioration in quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, rheumatological manifestations are found in hemodialysis patients with a frequency of between 47 and 72% in the West and in North Afric[5,6,7]. Although they have been the subject of several studies, few data are available from sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, we conducted a study in the Nephrology Department of the National Hospital of Zinder (Niger) to determine the epidemiological profiles and diagnostic characteristics of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients receiving hemodialysis.

ABSTRACT
Aim: To describe the indications and results of nephrectomy in the urology department of the National Hospital of Zinder (HNZ). Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of six years on patients followed in the urology department of the National Hospital of Zinder. During this period, 33 indications for nephrectomy were made. The clinical and Para clinical parameters, the operative indication and postoperative data were studied. Results: 33 patient records were collected. Men (20) were more represented 61%. The average age of our series was 31.47 years with extremes of 3 to 60 years. Lumbar mass was the most common reason for consultation with 36% of cases, followed by lumbar pain (30%). All our patients had an ultrasound of the urinary tract which highlighted the lesion and the organ concerned. The Uro-Scanner completed the Para clinical assessment in 25 cases, i.e. 75.75%. % Nephrectomy was indicated for Hydronephrosis with destruction of the renal parenchyma in 76% of cases and for Renal tumor in 24% of cases. Simple nephrectomy was the most represented technique (25 cases) and extended nephrectomy concerned 8 cases. Peroperatively, a pleural breach was noted in 3 patients (9.09%) and a peritoneal breach in 5 others (15.15%). Postoperatively, two patients presented with parietal infection (6%), four patients (12%), present renal failure with créatinin betwen 455 µmol/l to 646 µmol/l, and two patients (6%) died. Conclusion: Benign pathologies, especially obstructive, of the urinary tract leading to destruction of the renal parenchyma and therefore to nephrectomy. As reported in many developing countries, they were the most frequent indication in our study.