ABSTRACT
In order to determine the prevalence of the main helminth diseases in cattle in the Faro Department (Northern Cameroon), a cross-sectional study was carried out.Data collection took place during the period from June 2025 to September 2025.A total of 200 domestic cattle of different sexes, breeds, and age groups were randomly selected for this study. Fecal samples were collected, and coproscopy was performed using the McMaster technique and the sedimentation method to determine gastrointestinal parasites. A significance level of P=.05 was set for all data analyses. Significance level was set at p-value < .05. Following the examinations, the results showed that three species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified with varying overall average prevalences: F. gigantica (59.98%), P. bovis (46.4%), and Trichostrongylus spp. (52.55%). Average prevalences by location showed that cattle in the Tchamba area were the most heavily infested (58%). Generally, male cattle were most heavily infested with F. gigantica (64.1%) and P. bovis (48.7%), while female cattle were most heavily infested with Trichostrongylus spp. (55.7%). Average prevalences also showed that young cattle (2 months to 2 years old) were the most heavily infected in the four study locations, and that the Namchi breed was the most affected (45.6%).This study shows that helminth infections remain a major problem in animal health. Therefore, it is urgent to take measures to control these helminths in order to prevent enzootic instability.

ABSTRACT
Background: Multi_potent cells called mesenchymal stem cells )MSCs(, are being investigated in clinical settings as a potential new treatments for various immunological disorders. Methods: Indexed publications in Medline Pub_Med, Web of Science, and Google_Scholar databases were used to perform a review. Results: They have recently been demonstrated to affect endogenous tissues, and immune cells, after first being heralded as a therapeutic option for structural tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells, can differentiate into non_mesenchymal cells like-neurons, or epithelial cells as well as tissues. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells have immunosuppressive qualities independent of human leukocyte antigens )HLA(. It is especially employed to treat graft versus host disease because of its immunosuppressive qualities. An overview of clinical research on the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal_stem cells is given in this review. It also emphasizes how MSCs are used in clinical trials to treat cardiovascular disease, and graft versus host disease. MSC biological characteristics are largely responsible for their clinical use; they can be injected intravenously to reach inflammatory sites following tissue damage; they can be differentiated into different cells types, they secrete a variety of biomolecules that can promote the healing of damaged cells, and reduce inflammation; and have immunomodulatory capabilities. Conclusions: These cells can either enhance or improve disease in a pathological milieu. Moreover, mesenchymal-stem-cell therapy, and the course of disease may be positively or negatively impacted by changes to this microenvironment.

ABSTRACT
Pesticides are indispensable for safeguarding agricultural production, yet their application presents a multifaceted challenge to ecosystem integrity and sustainable pest management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the primary ecological and agronomic consequences stemming from pesticide use, with a focus on unintended impacts. A central concern is the disruption of biological control services, as pesticides inflict lethal and sublethal effects on natural enemies, including predators and parasitoids. These effects compromise vital behaviors, physiological functions, and demographic parameters, thereby diminishing their regulatory efficacy and potentially inducing pest resurgence. Furthermore, pollinators face significant risk from systemic and contact exposure, which impairs navigation, learning, colony communication, and reproduction, threatening both biodiversity and crop pollination. Concurrently, the intensive selection pressure exerted by pesticides drives the evolution of resistant pest populations, undermining chemical control and complicating integrated pest management strategies. Compounding these issues, pesticide drift facilitates the off-target deposition of active ingredients, leading to the contamination of adjacent ecosystems and aquatic networks, which in turn affects non-target organisms and broader ecological processes. The evidence underscores that the ecological costs of pesticides extend beyond acute toxicity. Sublethal impairments to beneficial species and the evolution of resistance represent critical, long-term threats to agricultural resilience. Consequently, advancing IPM requires a concerted shift towards selective chemistries, refined application technologies, and the prioritization of non-chemical tactics to mitigate these pervasive impacts and preserve ecosystem functionality.

ABSTRACT
Hepatic fasciolosis is a gastrointestinal helminthiasis caused by a parasite of the genus Fasciola that severely impacts the health of animals and humans, and for which direct diagnosis remains ineffective. The study was conducted from January to July 2023 on 400 cattle from municipal slaughterhouses in the city of Ngaoundere to determine the effectiveness of screening for bovine fascioliasis using the Mini-FLOTAC test. The results showed a prevalence of 33.58% in the Mini-FLOTAC test, which is comparable to that of coprology by sedimentation (30.75%) (p˂0.05) but significantly lower than that obtained during bile examination (67%) and liver autopsy (46.50%) (p˂ 0.001). The parasite densities, which vary significantly between 10.72±1.6 flukes for liver autopsy and 688.6±10.7 eggs for bile examination (p˂ 0.01), show no significant difference between that obtained in coprology by sedimentation (254) and in the Mini-FLOTAC test (11.82) (p>0.05).Infestation levels varied between 1.8% and 79.8% for sedimentation coprology, 9.5% and 90.5% for Mini-FLOTAC flotation coprology, 3.2% and 78% for liver autopsy, and 5.8% and 50.8% for bile examination are significantly low (p>0.05). The liver autopsy test is highest significant sensitive (69.40%), followed by the flotation/Mini-FLOTAC coprological test (50.17%), and the sedimentation coprological (45.90%) (p˂ 0.001). The Mini-FLOTAC test is therefore more sensitive than coprology by sedimentation for the determination of prevalence of fascioliasis.

ABSTRACT
Cotton cultivation in Cameroun is characterized by low yields due to soil infertility and pest infestation. Sustainable improvement requires the use of mycorrhizae combined with aqueous extracts from Hyptis suaveolens and Cyperus rotundus rhizomes. The experimental design used is 7×2×2 split-plot with to factors and seven treatments: (control (Te-); chemical input (Te+); H. suaveolens (H); C. rotundus (C); mycorrhizae (M); two combinations: mycorrhizae-H. suaveolens (M+H) and mycorrhizae-C. rotundus (M+C); two varieties (Q302 and L457) and two localities (Kodek and Mouda). The treatments M+H, M+C, mycorrhizae (M), aqueous extracts of H. suaveolens and C. rotundus (C) improved cotton yield by 30,91; 29,66; 26,34; 9,96 and 7,01 % respectively compared to the Te- treatment. Similarly, the Te+, M+H, M+C, mycorrhizae (M), H. suaveolens extract (H) and C. rotundus extract (C) treatment improved cotton seed yield by 26,14; 26,67; 22,25; 18,04; 14,84 and 10,08 % compared to the Te- treatment. Overall, there were no significant differences between plots treated with the combination of mycorrhizae and aqueous extracts of H. suaveolens or C. rotundus could be an alternative to the use of chemical inputs in order to improve cotton productivity in the Far North Region of Cameroon while ensuring sustainable agriculture.

ABSTRACT
Chicken coccidiosis is a protozoan disease that significantly impacts poultry globally. The disease is caused by Eimeria species, which causes intestinal damage leading to reduced growth, diarrhea, and death in severe cases. Control strategy includes the use of anticoccidial drugs, vaccination, and good biosecurity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kikuyu Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya, from 28th October, 2021, to 8th November,2021, to assess the farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on chicken coccidiosis and collect fecal samples for estimation of prevalence, intensity of infections, and speciation Eimeria species involved. Additionally, a trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of commercial anticoccidials drug in the market. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess farmers’ KAP. Modified McMaster technique was used to analyze fecal samples for oocyst per gram (opg) of feces and positive fecal samples were cultured and sporulated oocyst examined microscopically to identify and characterize probable Eimeria species. One hundred- and twenty-five-day old chicks were acclimatized for 13 days then randomly assigned into five treatment groups; amprolium (GA3), toltrazuril (GT4), sulphachloropyrazine (GS5), negative (GN1) and positive (GP2) controls. After 24-hour of starvation, each chick in GA3, GT4, GS5 and GP2 was orally inoculated with 3.0 x 105 sporulated oocysts. Anticoccidial treatments based on the manufacturers’ recommended dosage commenced when birds showed clinical signs typical of coccidiosis. Effects of treatment was monitored for 5 days through clinical observations and fecal oocyst counts. Experiment was terminated 10th day post infection (dpi). Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, and one way ANOVA. A total of 48 farms; 10 in Sigona, 10 in Karai, 10 in Nachu, 10 in Kikuyu and 8 in Kinoo wards were used in the study.

ABSTRACT
Processing fresh mangoes into value-added products is considered an effective strategy to enhance their economic worth, as processed products generally command higher market prices than fresh fruit. This study aims to analyze the added value and profitability of mango dodol and mango syrup using the Hayami Method, as well as to assess their contribution to the income of small-scale processors. The research was conducted at UMKM ASBORO in Putridalem Village, selected purposively as a representative mango-processing enterprise. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, focusing on the calculation of raw material costs, labor use, and additional input expenditures. The findings show that mango dodol generates an added value of Rp22,967/kg (55.88%), while mango syrup yields a higher added value of Rp64,834/kg (36.05%). The contribution of added value reaches 400% for dodol and 937.5% for syrup, indicating that income from processed products is 4 to 9 times higher than income from selling fresh mangoes. These results demonstrate the substantial economic potential of mango-based agroindustry in increasing processor income and strengthening local economic development.