ABSTRACT
Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NI) are common conditions among hospitalized patients. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare workers' knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention measures in intensive care units. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from April 13to June 10, 2022, among 45 healthcare workers in three university teaching hospitals of Abidjan. The parameters studied were: the theoretical and practical knowledge of healthcare workers regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections. Results: 45 healthcare workers participated. 74.7% knew the definition of a nosocomial infection and 43% identified the main risk factors for its occurrence. Sixty-five percent identified staff hands as the main mode of cross-transmission of germs between patients. Sixty-four percent of staff reported using non-sterile gloves during urinary catheter insertion. Compliance with hand hygiene before patient contact was low (31.8%) while gloves changes between patients were observed in 87.2% of cases. Deficiencies were noted in adherence to aseptic techniques before performing invasive procedures. Non-compliance was mainly attributed to shortages of supplies and personnel, and insufficient knowledge of preventive measures. Conclusion: healthcare workers’ knowledge and adherence to hygiene practices in intensive care units were insufficient.

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Background: Laryngomalacia is a congenital or, less commonly, acquired condition characterized by dynamic collapse of the supraglottic structures during inspiration. It is the leading cause of inspiratory stridor in infants, accounting for approximately 60%–75% of cases globally. The pathophysiology involves flaccid laryngeal tissues particularly the arytenoid cartilages, aryepiglottic folds, and epiglottis leading to airway obstruction when negative intrathoracic pressure increases during inhalation. The condition is generally classified as mild, moderate, or severe, based on symptom severity, impact on feeding and growth, and respiratory compromise. While the majority of mild cases resolve spontaneously by 18 to 24 months, more severe forms may result in significant complications including hypoxia, feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux, failure to thrive, obstructive sleep apnea, and developmental delays. In such cases, conservative approaches like anti-reflux therapy and positional feeding may prove inadequate, necessitating surgical interventions such as supraglottoplasty or tracheostomy. In low-resource settings like Zanzibar, timely diagnosis and access to specialized surgical interventions are often limited. This increases the risk of progression from mild to life-threatening forms due to diagnostic delays, lack of equipment such as flexible laryngoscopes, and inadequate neonatal monitoring systems. Additionally, healthcare worker training in neonatal airway disorders is often insufficient in remote areas. This case report illustrates how prompt recognition, referral, and surgical management in such a setting led to a successful outcome, despite initial challenges.

ABSTRACT
Honey-based craft beers were obtained in the towns of Katiola, Korhogo, and Ferkessédougou in northern Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the microbiological quality of a craft beer produced by spontaneous fermentation of honey. To this end, research and counts of microorganisms in raw honey and artisanal honey-based beers were carried out in the different study areas. Microbiological analyses revealed that raw honey contains microorganisms. The results reveal a predominance of fermentative yeasts (6.5±1.14 to 8.6±0.01 log CFU/mL) and lactic acid bacteria (4.5±0.5 to 5.1±0.17 log CFU/mL), confirming mixed fermentation and a total absence of anaerobic sulfite-reducing bacteria. Microorganism analysis showed that during beer production, heating the honey-water mixtures to 100°C for 15 minutes completely eliminated coliforms and enterococci in samples from all locations, and when the mixture was left to ferment for 24 hours without the addition of industrial yeast, natural yeasts developed rapidly (up to 6.9± 0.46 log CFU/mL in Nangakaha). These microorganisms are essential for the production of organic acids, giving the drink microbiological stability and acidity, indicating good production hygiene. This traditional beer could be of interest as a local probiotic product.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Eclampsia, a serious neurological complication of pre-eclampsia, is manifested by convulsions and/or impaired consciousness during pregnancy or postpartum. It is a major public health problem in Senegal and in sub-Saharan Africa. It is associated with a high maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective: Evaluate the management and prognosis of eclampsia in intensive care unit. Patients and Method: A descriptive and analytical retrospective study was conducted in an intensive care unit from January 1st, to December 31th, 2024. All patients admitted for eclampsia were included. The epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were collected via standardized survey sheets and analyzed with the Sphinx software. Results: Pre-eclampsia affects 16.58% of admissions, mainly among young primiparas. Prenatal monitoring is limited (11.1% without consultations) and seizures most often occur before childbirth (61.1%). Severe arterial hypertension (33.3%) and significant proteinuria (94.4%) are common. The treatment is based on magnesium sulfate (100%), antihypertensives (75%) and cesarean section (86.1%). Maternal complications (38.9%) include renal failure and HELLP syndrome while prematurity was the most common fetal complication (55.5%). The rate of maternal deaths is 8.3%, two thirds of which are due to acute kidney failure and the perinatal rate is 8.1%. Conclusion: Eclampsia remains an obstetric emergency of concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Senegal, strongly increasing maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. To remedy this, it is essential to strengthen prenatal monitoring for early detection, improve the training of professionals with standardized protocols, raise awareness among communities about warning signs and optimize infrastructure for easier access to essential care. A multisectoral approach is needed to sustainably reduce this burden.

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) admitted to the intensive care unit at Dalal Jamm National Hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over a period of 30 months (January 2022–June 2024) on patients with severe TBI, Glasgow ≤ 8, admitted to the intensive care unit at Dalal Jamm Hospital. Results: The incidence of severe TBI was 5.1% with a mean age of 21.98 years (range 18 months to 67 years). Males predominated with a sex ratio of 5. The 15-30 age group was the most affected. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause (63% of cases), followed by falls due to work-related or recreational accidents (26%). Medical transport was used for 17% of patients. The average time to admission to intensive care was 2.39 hours. A Glasgow Coma Scale score between 3 and 4 was noted in 10% of patients, 30% had a score between 5 and 6, and 60% between 7 and 8. Brain CT scans were performed in 90% of cases. Severe TBI was part of multiple trauma in 60% of cases. Edematous-hemorrhagic contusion was the most frequently found lesion (33%). The secondary systemic cerebral injuries (SSCI) noted were arterial hypotension (46.67%), acute anemia (40%), and arterial hypertension (23.33%). All patients were intubated, ventilated, and sedated. Surgical indications were established in 36.6% of patients, and surgery was performed in 17% of patients. The outcome was favorable in 36.67% of cases and unfavorable in 63.34% of cases. Complications included VAP (33%), pressure ulcers (30%), and urinary tract infections (23%). Overall mortality was 63.34%, with septic shock (52.6%) as the main cause. The average length of stay was 9.77 ± 12.02 days, ranging from 1 hour to 58 days. The factors for poor prognosis were a Glasgow score between 3 and 6 and a pupillary abnormality on admission. Conclusion: Severe TBI mainly affects young adult

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pressing global health issue, requiring timely and accurate diagnosis to prevent its spread and ensure effective treatment. In this study, we explore the po- tential of deep learning and computer vision to enhance TB detection using readily accessible tools like smartphone cameras. Specifically, we leverage the YOLOv8 object detection algo- rithm to analyze images of microscopic slides stained for TB, captured via smartphones. The dataset used in this study consists of 1,224 annotated images sourced from Roboflow, divided into training (861 images), validation (244 images), and test (119 images) sets. Our YOLOv8 model was trained to identify TB bacteria within these images, employing various data augmentation techniques to improve generalization. The model was trained over 100 epochs, and we applied hyperparameter tuning to optimize performance. The training process took approximately 0.826 hours. After training, the model achieved a precision of 72.7%, a recall of 78.7%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 82.7% at an IoU threshold of 0.5. Additionally, the overall mAP (IoU from 0.5 to 0.95) was 41.5%. The final model size, after stripping the optimizer, was reduced to 22.5MB. These results demonstrate that YOLOv8 is well-suited for TB detection, offering reliable performance with potential real-world applications, especially in remote areas where access to specialized diagnostic equipment is limited. By incorporating YOLOv8 into a smartphone- based diagnostic tool, we propose a more accessible solution for TB detection that could as- sist healthcare workers in resource-constrained settings. This approach not only increases the speed of TB diagnosis but also helps address the challenges associated with traditional meth- ods, which are often time-consuming and require trained personnel. Our findings suggest that YOLOv8, combined with the ubiquity of smartphones, can play a crucial role in advancing TB diagnostics globally.

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Introduction: Pediatric anesthesia requires, however, both a material and human environment adapted to very varied situations. Objective: Evaluate the anesthetic management of pediatric surgical emergencies. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2022 to June 2024. We included patients aged from 0 to 15 years who were admitted for a surgical emergency. Results: We collected a sample of 154 operated patients, representing a prevalence of 6.7%. The sex ratio is 2.85. The age group of 10–15 years was the most represented in 37.7% of cases. The average age was 6.96 years with extremes of 4 days and 15 years. The main diagnoses were traumatic in 29.2% followed by skin infections in 18.2% and foreign bodies in 16.2%. The children were classified ASA 1U in 98.7%. General anesthesia was performed in 85.8%. Anesthetic induction was mostly performed by IV route in 98% of the patients and sevoflurane was the only halogen used. The administration of paracetamol alone was most used for post-operative analgesia in 76.7% of patients followed by the combination of paracetamol and tramadol in 18.9%. Laryngospasm was the only complication found intraoperatively in 0.64%. We deplored a peroperative death, which is a mortality rate of 0.64%. Conclusion: The practice of pediatric emergency anesthesia poses organizational difficulties in most of our hospitals.