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Introduction: Knee dislocations are rare but potentially limb-threatening injuries to the knee joint. It is of interest in emergencies because they usually occur in context of multiple injuries and due to the possibility of vascular compromise to the affected limb. Case Presentation: We hereby report the case of a 53-year-old man who sustained a right knee lateral dislocation after a fall from a moving construction vehicle. The knee dislocation was managed by open reduction after an unsuccessful attempt of closed reduction. Subsequently, the joint was stabilized using external fixation. The short term and long-term evolution were favorable. Conclusion: The acute management of traumatic knee dislocations should be timely and adapted based on individual cases. Thus, if manual reduction fails, open reduction with external fixation may be considered

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Background: Return-to-sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains a significant clinical challenge, with high rates of delayed return and secondary injury reported in athletic populations. Conventional rehabilitation protocols often rely on time-based progression, which may inadequately address persistent neuromuscular deficits associated with reinjury risk. Phase-specific neuromuscular training, guided by functional and movement-based criteria, has been proposed as a more individualized approach; however, comparative evidence remains limited. Objective: To compare the effects of phase-specific neuromuscular training and time-based rehabilitation on return-to-sport timing and re-injury risk following ACL reconstruction. Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study design was employed involving physically active individuals who underwent primary unilateral ACL reconstruction. Participants were allocated to either a phase-specific neuromuscular training group or a traditional time-based rehabilitation group. Return-to-sport time, secondary ACL injury incidence within 12 months post-RTS, limb symmetry indices, and functional performance outcomes were analyzed using appropriate inferential statistical methods. Results: Participants undergoing phase-specific neuromuscular training demonstrated a significantly earlier return-to-sport compared to those following time-based rehabilitation (p < 0.001). Additionally, the phase-specific group exhibited a lower incidence of secondary ACL injury within the follow-up period (p < 0.05). Superior limb symmetry and functional performance outcomes were also observed in the phase-specific neuromuscular training group at the time of RTS clearance. Conclusion: Phase-specific neuromuscular training appears to be more effective than conventional time-based rehabilitation in facilitating earlier and safer return-to-sport following ACL reconstruction. Rehabilitation models emphasizing neuromuscula

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Study Background: Management of knee stiffness includes both operative and nonoperative. In both cases, physical therapy is important. Nonoperative treatments include physical therapy and home exercise programs. These are used to treat and minimize the flexion and extension deformities. Physiotherapy may include manual stretching, prolonged stretching using a tilt table, sandbag or weight over the distal femur, mechanical traction, passive range of motion exercises and joint mobilization techniques. The effectiveness of a given treatment to reduce stiffness is a function of applied torque, as well as the duration and frequency of the treatment. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of patients, to determine the prevalence, and to establish the management factors associated with knee stiffness in patients with fractures of femurs attending physiotherapy out-patient services at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Methods: The study was carried out in the Physiotherapy out-patient clinic at MTRH. A descriptive retrospective audit of 48 patients’ folders (14 Females, 34 Males) during the period of July 2021 and June 2022 that fulfilled inclusion criteria was conducted, after approval by Institutional Research and Ethics Committee and Hospital Administration. Data was collected using prevalidated tool, and then analysis for the study variables was done using the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) computer software. The preliminary data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, means, and percentages and presented in the form of tables, pie charts and graphs. Results: Males (70.8%) exhibited higher prevalence of femoral fractures than females (29.2%) due to occupational hazards and high-risk activities. Middle-aged individuals (30-50 years) were most affected, primarily due to physically demanding jobs, while older patients (>50 years) experienced prolonged recovery due to degenerativ

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Background: Postoperative infections in orthopedic implants remain a challenging complication, contributing to morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and healthcare costs in low-resource settings. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile, bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and treatment outcomes of postoperative infections following orthopedic implant surgeries in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the District Sadar Hospital, Rajbari, Bangladesh, from May 2023 to April 2024. A total of 280 patients with confirmed postoperative implant infections were analyzed. Demographic data, infection timing, bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity, and treatment outcomes were also recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.6 ± 15.2 years, with 70% males. Early onset infection occurred in 44.3% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus (38.6%) was the predominant isolate, and it showed high sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. Debridement with implant retention achieved infection control in 81.2% of cases, whereas implant removal and revision had the best eradication rates (87%). Conclusion: Postoperative infections in orthopedic implants are primarily early onset and dominated by gram-positive cocci. Effective surgical debridement combined with appropriate antibiotics remains the cornerstone of treatment. Enhanced infection control and antibiotic stewardship are crucial for reducing the incidence and resistance patterns.

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Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health concern among postmenopausal women, leading to increased fracture risk and morbidity. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is the most reliable method for early detection, with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) considered the gold standard. Identifying factors associated with reduced BMD is essential for timely preventive interventions, especially in populations with limited healthcare access. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, District Sadar Hospital, Rajbari, Bangladesh, from February 2020 to January 2022. A total of 300 postmenopausal women aged ≥45 years, with spontaneous cessation of menstruation for at least one year, were included through purposive sampling. Demographic and clinical data were collected and BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck using DEXA. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with Chi-square tests to assess associations between BMD and age, duration since menopause and body mass index (BMI). Results: Among 300 participants, the mean age was 58.6 ± 7.4 years and the mean duration since menopause was 9.2 ± 5.8 years. Osteopenia was most prevalent (45.7%), followed by normal BMD (28.3%) and osteoporosis (26%). Osteoporosis prevalence increased with age (from 9.2% in 45–50 years to 52.9% in >65 years, p < 0.001) and longer menopausal duration (10.4% in <5 years to 40.7% in >15 years, p = 0.002). Underweight women had the highest prevalence of osteoporosis (48.8%), while overweight and obese women had higher rates of normal BMD (38.9% and 38.5%, respectively, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Reduced BMD is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women in rural Bangladesh. Advancing age, longer menopausal duration and lower BMI are significant risk factors, highlighting the need for early screening and preventive strategies.

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Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a compressive neuropathy of the median nerve that commonly affects manual laborers, including traditional ikat weavers. Repetitive hand movements and prolonged wrist flexion contribute significantly to CTS occurrence. Objective: To analyze the relationship between working period and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome complaints among ikat weaving workers in Bomari and Boradho Villages, Ngada Regency. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted from June to August 2024 among 50 ikat weaving workers meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection used structured questionnaires and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). The Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05 was applied to determine the relationship between working period and CTS complaints. Results: Most respondents (66%) had mild to moderate CTS complaints. A statistically significant relationship was found between the working period and CTS complaints (p = 0.012). Workers with more than 10 years of weaving experience had a higher likelihood of developing CTS symptoms. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between working period and CTS complaints among ikat weaving workers. Early ergonomic interventions and preventive education are essential to reduce CTS risk in traditional weaving communities.

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Background: Operating theatre efficiency and utilization patterns in secondary healthcare centers across sub-Saharan Africa remain poorly documented despite their critical role in surgical care delivery. Understanding these patterns is essential for optimizing resource allocation and improving surgical outcomes in resource-limited settings. Objective: To analyze operating theatre utilization patterns, case complexity, resource optimization strategies, and perioperative outcomes in orthopedic surgery at a Nigerian secondary healthcare center, comparing findings with international benchmarks. Methods: A retrospective audit of 62 consecutive orthopedic surgical cases at Adeoyo State Hospital was performed conducted over 36 months from June 2022 to June 2025. Data analyzed included surgical procedures, case complexity, duration, blood loss, transfusion requirements, and perioperative outcomes. Theatre efficiency metrics were calculated, and statistical analysis using SPSS version 21. Results: ORIF procedures dominated (29.0%), followed by hemiarthroplasty (22.6%) and amputations (12.9%). Mean case duration was 3.2±1.4 hours with 51.6% classified as moderate complexity. Blood transfusion was required in 41.9% of cases (mean 1.2±0.4 units). Theatre utilization averaged 65.4% with 70% emergency procedures. Overall complication rate was 6.5% with no perioperative mortality. Mean length of stay was 12.8±6.7 days. Conclusion: Secondary care orthopedic theatres demonstrate efficient utilization despite resource constraints, successfully handling complex cases with acceptable outcomes. However, high transfusion rates and extended hospital stays suggest opportunities for optimization through enhanced perioperative protocols and improved resource planning.