ABSTRACT
H. pylori is a micro-aerophilic, gram-negative, S-curved, polar motility, spiral bacillus measuring 2.5 µm to 5 µm long and 0.3 µm wide. Type two diabetes of mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances of the various metabolisms, in particular lipid, carbohydrate and protein. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the diabetic and non-diabetic population consulting in the gastroenterology and external medicine department of CHU-Brazzaville. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period from June 20 to November 02, 2021, like a period of six months. Ninety patients were selected divided into two groups, each subdivided into two subgroups. 44 type two diabetes of mellitus patients and 46 non-diabetic patients were included. The average age of diabetic patients was 51 ± 11 years old with an average duration of diabetes evolution of 5.54 ± 4.58 years old. The average age of non-diabetic patients was 40±15 years old. Out of 90 patients in our study population, we had a predominance of women (68) compared to men (22). The overall frequency of H. pylori infection of the study population was 57%. It was 66% in diabetic patients and 48% in non-diabetics. The results of our study showed that H. pylori infection was more common in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.

ABSTRACT
Neurodegenerative disorders are a range of debilitating conditions that manifest due to the progressive loss of neuronal cells in specific brain regions. Current therapeutic options are less than adequate in many respects. Protein misfolding and aggregation are hallmarks of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, they elicit cellular homeostasis disruption, synaptic connection loss, and subsequent cellular apoptosis. In recent years, research has increasingly linked dysregulated inflammatory responses mediated by the inflammasome complex to several neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, Huntington’s disease, Autism, stroke etc. The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that is essential for innate immunity. Microglia are the primary cells expressing inflammasomes in the central nervous system, although astrocytes, neurons, and infiltrating myeloid cells can also express and activate inflammasomes. Regrettably, dysregulated inflammasome signaling upregulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as activating caspase-1. This process contributes to the continuation of neuroinflammation and subsequent damage to neurons. In this review of existing literatures, we collated empirical evidences about various inflammasome signaling pathways in selected neurological disorders. Majorly, we emphasised their influence on the advancement of diseases and neuronal cell death. Available empirical data showed that dietary small molecule inhibitors offer multi-targeted interactions to inhibit inflammasome signalling and upstream neuroinflammation. Notably, the baseline mechanisms involve suppression of free radicals, downregulating NF-κB and NLRP3 oligomerization, activating anti-inflammatory pathways, reducing ER stress, and modulating the Nrf2-ARE pathway. This shows promise for developing innovative medical nutrition therapies for various neurological conditions.

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune diseases are chronic hypersensitive diseases that occur due to an inability of the immune system to recognize self-antigens as part of its system. Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are antibodies that target the proteins located in the nucleus, mitotic spindle, nuclear membrane, and cytoplasmic substructures. Detection of ANA is done using either the ANA-IIF or by ELISA method; the latter might be slightly more sensitive as compared to the ANA-IIF but the specificity is however low. ANA patterns such as nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitotic can be important to clinical practice because they suggest the significance, as well as the nature of autoimmune Connective Tissue Disorder (CTDs). ANA is a predictor of autoimmune diseases, and the risk is greater in female individuals. The specific objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of ANA and the detection of demographic correlations with them; thereby it would help in the identification of the various autoantibody subclasses in the Indian people. The present cross-sectional descriptive study included 351 patient records from a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India expounds on the association of multiple ANA patterns with certain autoantibodies, and demography of the ANA-positive patients. Knowledge of such regional variations of autoimmune diseases would be useful to formulate a strategy for proper diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) in India.