ABSTRACT
In the last decade, recent advancements have been made in the field of orthodontics. With the development of newer advances such as artificial intelligence, the use of robotics, auto-transplantation, newer materials, newer drugs, and genetics in clinical practice, the clinical care of patients has improved significantly. Such remarkable advancements have been achieved in the diagnostic tools, technological, material, imaging, as well as treatment aspects of dentistry and have become the new paradigm of orthodontics. Moreover, three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) have become an invaluable asset for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this article we discuss different advancements in the field of orthodontics.

ABSTRACT
Background: Oral health problems affected 55.6% of adolescents aged 10-14 in Indonesia. This can be prevented by maintaining oral hygiene. Many physical and psychological changes happen in the adolescent phase, and more attention is needed to maintain oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is influenced by various factors, including demographic and socioeconomic factors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine factors associated with oral hygiene among adolescents in Jember, Indonesia. Method: There were 409 students from eight different junior secondary schools in Jember Regency as participants in this study. The sample was obtained using the cluster random sampling method. Data on oral hygiene as a dependent variable was collected through the OHI-S examination. Data on sex, school, ethnicity, mother and father education, father and mother employment, monthly income, and number of children as independent variables was gathered from questionnaires and students' data from the school database. First, a univariate Spearmen test was run for all independent variables (p<0.05). The significant variables were then analyzed using multiple regression to determine factors associated with oral hygiene (p<0.05). Results: The average OHI-S score was 2.53, which was categorized as moderate. Multivariate analysis results showed that females were more likely to have better OHIS-S scores than males (B=-0.716; p=0.000); ethnic Javanese were more likely to have better OHI-S scores than Maduranese (B=0.293; p=0.004); and middle-income students more likely have better OHI-S than low-income students (B=-0.307; p=0.003). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that adolescents' socioeconomic background is associated with their oral hygiene. This suggests the need to give more attention to a new model of oral health promotion programs targeting gender, ethnicity, and lower-income groups.

ABSTRACT
Understanding the intricate anatomy of the pulp cavity and the root canal system of dental organs is of utmost importance for dental practitioners. This knowledge and other clinical and theoretical considerations contribute to a surgical process with an almost perfect success rate. This literature review was conducted with the primary goal of enhancing this understanding. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple research databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scielo. This search encompassed articles with no restrictions on publication date due to the importance of some postulates and laws. This comprehensive review delves into the dental organ's intricate morphology, clinical divisions, the definitions, fundamentals, and classifications that have garnered widespread acceptance within the scientific community. These include the laws articulated by Krasner and Rankow, which pertain to the pulp chamber. Also, we examine Vertucci's classification, which provides insights into the diverse configurations of root canals. Furthermore, we scrutinize the nomenclature of Pucci and Reig, which systematically categorizes variations in the root portion of a tooth. Moreover, we emphasize the critical relevance of this knowledge to clinical practice. Each aspect is not an isolated concept but an integral part of the puzzle when performing a root canal treatment. By comprehending these intricate details, clinicians can make informed decisions, plan procedures more effectively, and execute a precise and successful clinical approach.