ABSTRACT
Sialolithiasis refers to the presence of calcified structures within the ducts of salivary glands and is the most common disorder affecting these glands. Approximately 80-95% of sialoliths occur in the submandibular salivary gland. The occurrence rate of sialoliths is about 12 per 1000 individuals, with men being affected approximately twice as often as women. Sialoliths can be diagnosed through clinical examination, conventional radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Typical clinical indicators of sialoliths include painless swelling, sometimes extensive, often accompanied by difficulty opening the mouth (trismus) during eating, and symptoms that vary from mild discomfort to severe pain. This case report illustrates the clinical, radiological signs, and surgical treatment of a salivary stone in the submandibular gland.

ABSTRACT
Background: The relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is well recognized as diabetes exacerbates periodontitis, while periodontal infections make blood sugar control in diabetic patients more difficult. Investigating different periodontal treatment modalities regarding their effects on blood sugar levels is essential. Objective: This investigation aimed to compare three different modalities of periodontal treatment, a SRP, b SRP with local antibiotic adjuncts, and c laser-assisted new periodontal attachment procedure in terms of improvement in blood sugar level through their effects in diabetic patients. Method: A prospective study was conducted at Al-Baha Dental Center, Saudi Arabia, on 75 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis from 2009 to 2011. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups. The blood glucose levels were estimated in terms of HbA1c at baseline and 6-month intervals till 18 months post-treatment. Results: At the 18-month follow-up, the LANAP group exhibited the most substantial reduction in HbA1c levels, with an average decrease of 1.5% (from 8.5% to 7.0%, p<0.01), representing a 17.6% improvement. The SRP with the local antibiotic adjuncts group demonstrated a 1.2% reduction in HbA1c levels (from 8.4% to 7.2%, p<0.05), equivalent to a 14.3% improvement. The SRP group showed the most minor improvement, with a 0.9% decrease in HbA1c levels (from 8.3% to 7.4%, p<0.05), representing a 10.8% improvement. These results indicate that LANAP was significantly more effective in improving glycemic control than the other modalities. Conclusion: The laser-assisted new periodontal attachment procedure was found to be significantly superior to the other two modalities in reducing the blood glucose levels in periodontitis-diabetic cases, indicating that it could play a pivotal role in improving the perspective of achieving good blood sugar control as part of comprehensive periodontal therapy.