ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the implementation and the supporting and inhibiting factors in organizing village apparatus training. The research was conducted at the Village Government Center of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Malang. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. This study found that implementing the village apparatus training policy at BBPD Malang went well despite facing obstacles. Policy communication is carried out effectively through various media, but geographical barriers and transportation limitations cause training delays. Regarding resources, BBPD Malang has 31 teaching staff members, but only one young expert is a functional official, so competency development and certification are needed. Training facilities are adequate, but an unstable electricity supply hampers learning. Bureaucratic simplification poses challenges for employee adaptation. The main supporting factors are the commitment of implementers, internal coordination, and infrastructure, while the main obstacles include less flexible class arrangements, budget limitations, and geographical conditions. This research is expected to develop employee competencies, optimize facilities, integrate IT-based management systems, and improve coordination to prevent overlapping tasks in training village officials.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of multi-grade learning and identify its supporting and inhibiting factors, especially after the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Mendikbudristek) No. 56 of 2022. The research was conducted at Public Elementary School Sukapura III, Sukapura District, Probolinggo Regency. The data analysis technique in this study used qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. This study found that the Multi-grade Learning policy has been implemented with various challenges and supports. Effective communication between central and local governments facilitates understanding and implementation of the policy. However, limited resources, such as the number of teachers and facilities, challenge teaching effectiveness. Positive teacher and student dispositions contribute to successful learning, while school organizational structures are supportive but require management adjustments. Implementing factors include socialization, human resources, commitment, facilities, and bureaucratic structure. The main obstacles are ineffective information transmission and suboptimal educator welfare. This research is expected to contribute to teacher training, resource strengthening, policy monitoring, stakeholder communication, and curriculum adaptation to improve the effectiveness of multi-grade learning at PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Sukapura III.

ABSTRACT
Mathematical modeling competence plays a crucial role in the development of mathematical thinking and problem-solving skills for elementary students. This study explores the theoretical foundations of competence, the framework of mathematical modeling competence, and the significance of the topic "Fractions" in fostering students' mathematical abilities. The research presents a structured approach to developing mathematical modeling competence in elementary students through the teaching of fractions, outlining key stages in the model-building process. Additionally, the study provides illustrative examples that demonstrate the practical application of the proposed framework. The findings contribute to enhancing teaching strategies that promote mathematical reasoning and problem-solving skills in elementary education.

ABSTRACT
This article examines and analyzes the trial process in court, particularly in cases of breach of contract or default. The research method used is normative legal research, which studies and analyzes Decision No. 224/Pdt.G/2021/PN.MLG concerning debtor default and legal protection for creditors who obtain a favorable court ruling against a defaulting debtor but without the enforcement of a security seizure (conservatoire beslag). The results indicate that the panel of judges, in their considerations, applied fair and balanced legal principles by ruling that the defendant was in default. However, the request for security seizure was denied due to the absence of urgent grounds for such an action. To protect the interests of the plaintiff or creditor, the execution process of the court ruling can be pursued, whereby the relevant court will issue a warning (Aanmaning) to the debtor or defendant to voluntarily comply with the ruling. If this effort fails, the court will enforce an execution seizure on the defendant's or debtor's assets. These assets will then be auctioned, and the proceeds will be used to settle the defendant's obligations fully.

ABSTRACT
Community policing has been promoted as a key strategy for reducing crime and improving police-community relations. In Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, efforts to implement community policing have faced significant challenges, particularly with conventional law enforcement practices. This study investigates the effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime rates and enhancing police-community collaboration, identifying the barriers to successful implementation. The problem arises from the disconnect between community policing principles and actual police behavior, as well as mistrust and limited collaboration between law enforcement and community members. The objectives of the study were to assess the impact of community policing on crime reduction, evaluate its influence on police-community relations, and identify the challenges faced during implementation. An experiential research approach was employed, using in-depth interviews with selected participants to gather data on their perceptions and experiences with community policing in Umuahia. The findings reveal that while community policing has improved information sharing and intelligence gathering, its potential is hindered by resource constraints, resistance from conventional police officers, and a lack of genuine engagement with the community. Furthermore, mistrust and skepticism about the police’s intentions continue to undermine effective collaboration. Participants proposed several recommendations, including enhancing community engagement, strengthening oversight mechanisms, and implementing anti-corruption measures to improve accountability and transparency. The study concludes that addressing these challenges is essential to realizing the full benefits of community policing in Umuahia. Strengthening collaboration between police and community members, allocating adequate resources, and promoting ethical behavior among officers are key to ensuring the success of community policing initiatives.