ABSTRACT
Abstract: Purpose: To determine clinical spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations and its correlation to platelet count in dengue patients. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients of dengue disease who presented during June 2019 to August 2019 were evaluated. Complete ocular examinations were done. Results: Out of 92 patients, 61.95% were male, 38.04% were female. Mean age of presentation was 32.65 years. Number of patients with ocular symptoms was 33.69% & with ocular signs was 45.65%. Subconjunctival haemorrhage was the commonest ocular findings (25%). Posterior segment findings were present in 11.95%, 7.60% had retinal haemorrhage. 40.50% DF, 72.72% DHF patients and 100% DSS had ocular findings. Ocular findings were present in 19.60% in patients with platelet count > 1 lakh & 83.33% in patients with platelets count < 20000. Conclusion: Ophthalmic manifestations are not uncommon but mostly under observed, so ocular examinations in all dengue cases is advised to prevent visual complications.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Primary lymphoma of thyroid is a rare entity among thyroid diseases which constitute only 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Primary thyroid lymphomas are almost always associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Most of them are B-cell origin Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, most common subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) followed by Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Treatment and outcome of primary thyroid lymphoma depends on histological subtype and stage of the disease. Here we report two cases of primary thyroid lymphoma of B-cell origin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and MALT lymphoma. First case is a 48 years old lady who presented with diffuse enlargement of thyroid with retrosternal extension complained of breathlessness and chest discomfort, which was confirmed by MRI scan. FNAC was Lymphocytic thyroiditis-Bethesda Category II. She underwent total thyroidectomy due to compression symptoms and histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B cell lymphoma after immunohistochemistry. Second case is a 72 years old man who presented with a huge thyroid mass with rapid increase in size over one month duration, associated with hoarseness of voice and difficulty in swallowing. CT scan revealed grossly enlarged thyroid extending into prevertebral area causing compression of esophagus. Total thyroidectomy was done, final diagnosis of which was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, possibly MALT lymphoma with associated diffuse high grade areas in a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis.

ABSTRACT
Background: Abdominal pain is pain felt anywhere in the area between the bottom of the ribs and the pelvis. It is very common in babies, infants and children under 12 years. There are many different causes of abdominal pain in children, including trapped wind, constipation, gastroenteritis („gastro‟ or stomach bug) and appendicitis. Material and Methods: This is prospective, descriptive and observational study conducted at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year among 90 children with RAP. Patients of age group of 4 to 14 years attending the paediatric OPD of tertiary care teaching hospital was included in the study. Children with age less than 4 years and more than 14 years not meeting the criteria of RAP were excluded from the study. Children with organic causes of RAP have been treated according to corresponding reason. Results: Occurrence of abdominal pain every day in ORAP was 10 and 32 NORAP children, and once per week in organic ORAP was 3 and 14 NORAP children. Duration of a pain episodes most of the day in ORAP was 11 and 21 NORAP children. Severe pain can see in 9 ORAP and 24 NORAP, and mild pain in 2 ORAP and 19 NORAP. Whereas, site of pain especially in periumbilical region in ORAP was 5 and 28 NORAP children and lower abdomen pain in organic ORAP was 4 and 23 NORAP children. Moreover, 2 months duration of disease in ORAP was 17 and 3 NORAP children. In addition, presence of bloating in ORAP was 6 and 22 NORAP children, and absence of bloating in ORAP was 11 and 51 NORAP children. Presence of early satiety in in ORAP was 8 and 19 NORAP children, and absence of satiety in ORAP was 9 and 54 NORAP children. Conclusions: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children with careful history and examination, clear explanation and follow-up and a commitment from parent and child to stop the condition limiting normal activities, good results are obtained for children without referral, drugs or extensive testing.

ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has presented various clinical challenges, including ocular manifestations. Understanding the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients is crucial for comprehensive patient care and infection control. Objectives: This retrospective Study aimed to investigate ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics in a cohort of 38 COVID-19 patients admitted to the World College of Medical Science and Research Hospital in Haryana, India, from March 2020 to September 2020. Methods: Medical records were reviewed, and data on ocular symptoms, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were collected. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed important insights into the patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Most patients were in the 31-40 age group (42.11%), and males constituted the majority (60.53%). Fever was the most common symptom (33.33%), followed by cough (25.64%), while severe disease severity prevailed (41.03%). Laboratory results indicated that lymphopenia (26.32%) and abnormal chest X-rays (31.58%) were relatively common, suggesting clinical significance. Elevated CRP levels (21.05%) and increased ferritin (21.05%) also featured prominently. These findings enhance our understanding of COVID-19 manifestations and patient profiles in this region. Conclusions: Ocular manifestations, particularly conjunctivitis, were observed in a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients in our Study. This underscores the importance of considering ocular symptoms in the clinical evaluation of COVID-19 cases. Additionally, the high prevalence of lymphopenia and elevated CRP levels suggests a potential association between ocular involvement and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients.

ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior polar cataracts are a relatively uncommon but challenging clinical entity characterized by opacities in the posterior capsule of the lens. Understanding the demographics and surgical outcomes of patients with this condition is essential for optimizing their management and improving visual outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the demographics, surgical techniques, and outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for posterior polar cataracts at the World College of Medical Science and Research Hospital, Haryana, between January 2017 to March 2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 112 patients. Demographic data, preoperative visual acuity, surgical techniques employed, and postoperative complications were recorded. Visual acuity improvement was assessed, and descriptive statistics and percentages were calculated for various parameters. Results: The study found that posterior polar cataracts primarily affected middle-aged and elderly individuals. Phacoemulsification was the preferred surgical technique, performed in 85% of cases. Postoperatively, 92% of patients showed significant visual acuity improvement. Complication rates were low, with posterior capsule opacification being the most common postoperative issue (6%). Conclusions: Surgical intervention for posterior polar cataracts, particularly using phacoemulsification, yielded favorable outcomes with a high rate of visual improvement and low complication rates. This study provides valuable insights into the demographics and surgical outcomes of posterior polar cataract patients, contributing to the optimization of their clinical management.