ABSTRACT
Chondroblastoma is rare benign bone tumor of cartilaginous origin that accounts for less than 1 % of all bone tumors. It usually develops in immature skeleton in the second decade of life and has a slight male preponderance. Approximately 75% cases of chondroblastoma involve epiphysis of long bones. Phalanges are a rare site for chondroblastoma. Here we report the case of a 68 year old female with Chondroblastoma of right ring finger whose age and site are unusal for a diagnosis of chondroblastoma. Based on CT findings the two diagnostic possibilities considered were namely, Bizzare parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation and Glomus tumor. The diagnosis of chondroblastoma in this rare location was made based on pathological evaluation of the specimen. So always keep in mind that rare presentation at a rare site is a possibility.

ABSTRACT
Loneliness is highly prevalent globally and has been noted in all age groups. Loneliness is associated with significant physical and mental health risks. These individuals have a poor quality of life. Lonely individuals also demonstrate a high mortality rate and incur more health care costs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). a common chronic disease. Worldwide, it is expected to affect 629 individuals in 2045. Several studies have established an incriminating role of loneliness in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. It is estimated that the risk of developing a high HbA1c is almost fivefold in lonely people. This increased risk is independent of other confounding factors. Although increased inflammation and reduced immunity play a role, the main mechanism appears to be an increase in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical activity. Loneliness also increases unhealthy lifestyles, which also contribute to this deleterious loneliness-diabetes link. Lonely people are also more burdened with chronic diseases, which further increase the diabetic risk and its worsening. They also tend to be more non-adherent to healthcare recommendations. On the other hand, diabetic patients face a multitude of issues with daily living and healthcare, and these tend to increase loneliness. The causative factors and their mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between loneliness and T2DM is narratively reviewed in this manuscript.

ABSTRACT
Amyloidosis is a spectrum of diseases, in which various proteins which are a usual component of plasma are deposited as insoluble beta-pleated sheets extracellularly, disrupting the function of various organs. Amyloid light-chain amyloidosis occurs due to the deposition of proteins, derived from immunoglobulin light chains, routinely manifesting with multisystem involvement. Pulmonary involvement is seen in about 50% of cases [1]. Three common patterns of amyloidosis on computed tomography (CT) chest are tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal, and diffuse alveolar septal variety. Here we report a case of amyloidosis involving tracheobronchial tree due to localized deposition of amyloid. Knowledge about pulmonary amyloidosis is important due to nonspecific findings in the CT chest and its poor prognosis.

ABSTRACT
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. Its incidence is 4.5 cases per 1 million people aged 0-20 year. Embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and sclerosing /spindle cell types are the major variants of rhabdomyosarcoma. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common type. Rhabdomyosarcoma is highly aggressive and usually patient presented with pressure symptoms or metastasis. We are reporting 2 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma with one patient presented with abdominal wall nodules and other patient with bilateral breast lumps.

ABSTRACT
Background: Acute exposure to carbon dioxide could be caused diseases but in chronic exposure might be caused some mild to moderate symptoms and signs. Objective of this study was to determine the health effects of carbon dioxide in low to moderate concentration. Methods: The people who were employed in different industries were participated in this study. Groups were followed for brain and heart injury symptoms and signs. These groups were exposed to low concentrations of carbon dioxide; according to working sections, 4 groups were participated: working section A, working section B, working section C and working section D. Symptoms and signs were determined. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.ANOVA, Chi-2, Exact test and relative risks with considering P<0.05 as significant level. Results: Working section D, had the most carbon dioxide concentration; 825.10±0.01 PPM. brain and heart injury symptoms and sign were determined. Loss of concentration, chest pain and headaches were the most in group D and relative risks were shown significant risks of carbon dioxide. Relative risks for loss of concentration was 2.25(1.34-3.77). Also relative risks for chest pain were 1.35(1.02-2.10). Conclusions: Carbon dioxide had health effects in low to moderate concentration and might be caused loss of concentration and chest pain.

ABSTRACT
Dengue is one of the most critical and rapidly spreading vector borne disease in the world. It is caused by an RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (arthropods) and thus is an arbovirus. Dengue spreads through the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes mosquitoes also serve as vectors of chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. The symptoms may range from asymptomatic fever to dreaded complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock. Dengue is an endemic disease, which means that it occurs regularly, in tropical regions of the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO), almost half of the world’s population lives in areas with a risk of contracting dengue virus [1]. The risk of contracting dengue infection has increased dramatically since the 1940s. This upward trend is due to increases in long-distance travel, population growth and urbanization, lack of sanitation, ineffective mosquito control, and increases in the surveillance and official reporting of dengue cases.

ABSTRACT
Background: CHD is a major health problem in pediatric population. It is associated with abnormal hemodynamic load and neurohormonal activation. Which leads to pulmonary hypertension causing myocardial injury. So, it needs timely intervention. Cardiac troponins are specific for myocardial injury. HscT I enhances accuracy for diagnosis of myocardial injury even in early stage of Pulmonary Hypertension. In recent years role of HscT I suggested to be useful in evaluation of PAH due to CHD in children. Objectives: To analyze the role of HscT I as a diagnostic tool for PAH due to CHD in Children. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Pediatric cardiology department, BSMMU over a period of 1 year. The study included total 54 patients with moderate to large VSD/PDA. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 54 cases was divided into two group PAH group (n=27) and non-PAH (n=27) group. Among PAH group 20 patient (74.1%) had VSD and 7 patient (25.9%) had PDA. In non PAH group 15 had VSD (55.6%) and 12 had PDA (44.4%). The mean troponin I level was significantly higher in PAH group than non-PAH group (0.03052±0.0511 vs. 0.0087±0.0075, p=0.03). Conclusion: In this study, there was significant difference between HscT I level of PAH group and non-PAH group and significant positive correlation between HscT I level and mean PAP. As a marker of myocardial injury, HscT I can be a predictor of raised pulmonary arterial pressure in children with post tricuspid left to right shunt.

ABSTRACT
Background: Platelet rich plasma therapy is a simple, low cost and minimally invasive method that provides a natural concentrate of autologous blood growth factors that can be used to enhance tissue regeneration (1). Recent evidences have shown that Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy can be helpful as an osteoarthritis (OA) therapeutic tool by intra-articular injection (2). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used therapy for relief of OA pain and stiffness by intra-articular injection. In addition, there is a sufficient evidence for being significant disease modifying effects. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma with that of hyaluronic acid viscous supplementation. Methods: This study included forty patients with hip osteoarthritis. These patients were selected from the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Dhaka Pain Management Center (DPMC) and Ava Pain & Intervention Center (APIC), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 20 patients treated by using intra-articular injection of 2 ml autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy. The second group consisted of 20 patients they were treated by using intra-articular injections of low molecular weight (hyaluronic acid [HA]) (32mg/2mL) of HA (HA group). All patients received 3 injections with one week interval (3) For Follow up: The subjective clinical outcome were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the last treatment dose using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (5). Results: The Platelet rich plasma and Hyaluronic Acid groups showed an improvement, with significant difference between the two groups. However after 6 months follow up there was significant improvement in Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy group than HA group (P<0.005). The follow up after 12 months reveled subsided improvement than that was at 6 months. Nevertheless, this subsidence was less in Platelet ...