ABSTRACT
Background of the study: Tuberculosis is curable and preventable as long as the infected patients take their medication as prescribed without interruption and all preventive measures observed both within the hospital and the community. Adherence to tuberculosis treatment by tuberculosis patients is key to the global control of tuberculosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Mile-4 hospital, a tuberculosis treatment center in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A total of 125 tuberculosis patients were recruited for the study and self-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to get responses from the patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Major reasons given for missing appointment and not following treatment schedule closely were lack of money, long distance from health facility, inadequate health education and non provision of food. Lack of money and long distance from health facility accounted for 60.9% of the reasons for not adhering to the treatment schedule by the tuberculosis patients. Conclusion: Adherence to tuberculosis treatment can be facilitated by extensive health education, minimal financial support and provision of food to tuberculosis patients. Distance from health facilities is also very important in the adherence to anti tuberculosis therapy by tuberculosis patients.

ABSTRACT
Background: This review will encompass a comprehensive examination of insulin and insulin resistance, spanning its historical background, synthesis, functions, interactions, and related clinical symptoms. Within this section, we will delve into the underlying mechanisms and various scenarios, both physiological and pathological, that contribute to insulin resistance. The prevalence of insulin resistance among adults worldwide ranges from 15.5% to 46.5%. Excessive visceral fat is considered the main cause of insulin resistance. One of the tyrosine kinase receptors belonging to the Class II (Cysteine) family is the insulin receptor (IR). Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, exerting influence over both glucose and lipid metabolism through the release of adipokines, pro-inflammatory factors. The transport of glucose into the interior of adipocytes relies on insulin and is facilitated by GLUT4 transporters. Adipose tissue is estimated to contribute approximately 10% of the overall glucose uptake stimulated by insulin throughout the body. The primary emphasis will be on scrutinizing insulin's functions and how insulin resistance manifests in specific bodily organs and tissues. We will also scrutinize factors like physiological, environmental, and pharmacological influences on insulin activity, along with clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance.

ABSTRACT
At present, multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal species have become widespread worldwide, which leads to high morbidity and mortality. As of now, only a few antifungal agents are coming up in the pharmaceutical industry. This may lead to a threat to humanity for their survival. In this study, we explored the possible antifungal action of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica, seeds against MDR and ATCC strains of Candida species. The extract showed antifungal activities with MIC varied between 0.76 and 1.56 mg/mL in both MDR and ATCC fungal species. Thus, Azadirachta indica ethanolic seed extract is an effective antifungal agent on MDR fungal species and may help save the lives of many critically ill patients.

ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder that affects 1-2.5% of people over the age of 50 and is typified by Tremors and bradykinesia as motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms also have a major effect, including autonomic dysfunction and neuropsychiatric problems. Although the major reason is yet unknown, environmental and genetic variables have a role. Since there is no conclusive diagnostic test, the diagnosis is made based on clinical symptoms. The most consistent risk factor is age, with prodromal symptoms occurring before motor signs. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and defective protein processing. Levodopa serves as the cornerstone of treatment, which mostly consists of dopamine replacement. Developing neuroprotective PD treatments requires an understanding of the complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and mitochondrial variables.