ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by raised levels of blood glucose, which over time leads to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. α-amylase Plays a major role in the digestion of starch and glycogen. Thus, inhibitors of this enzyme delay the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestine, thereby diminishing postprandial blood glucose in the diabetic patient. In this study, a DPPH radical scavenging activity and computational approaches were employed to uncover the potential of Aframomum Melegueta phytochemicals against type two diabetes mellitus mainly by molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, MMPBSA and ADMET analysis. The results show that it has high antioxidant properties. Molecular docking indicates that laurifolin, genkwanin and gulunalactone have good binding scores of -9.9 kcal/mol, -8.9 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. And have interacted with at least two of the catalytic triads of α-amylase; Asp 300, Glu 233 and Asp 197. Molecular dynamic simulation results show that all the compounds are stable at the active site of the enzyme. Furthermore, MMPBSA analysis revealed they bind strongly with the binding energy of -21.77± 1.03 Kcal/mol, -17.82 ± 0.84 Kcal/mol and 15.07± 0.26 Kcal/mol for laurifolin, genkwanin and galanolactone. ADMET analysis indicated that all the ligands are water-soluble, drug-like and safe. This study shows that A. Melegueta extract has antioxidant properties and possess phytochemicals that can be exploited for further anti-diabetic drug development.

ABSTRACT
Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is one of the herbal plants that have been widely known by Indonesian for generations. This plant is easy to obtain and has various health benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain information about the phytochemicals and their traditional uses. The search for information was carried out by studying literature from various sources such as official books, Google Scholar and Garba Digital References (GARUDA) in the 2011-2021 range. The results showed that red ginger plants contain chemical compounds in the form of gingerols, shogaols, homovanilyl alcohol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, steroids, triterpenoids, and essential oils. Red ginger is commonly used by the community as a cold medicine, as well as for indigestion, urine laxative, natural antioxidant, as an analgesic, and others. With the content of these compounds, red ginger is also reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiemetic activity.

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease presents a serious challenge to the international scientific community. There are millions of infected people around the world and the numbers are increasing dramatically because this disease has no cure and develops rapidly over time. It becomes important to detect the disease and recognize symptoms early. Prevention is more effective than treating a disease that comes through several common factors. This helps people because they are still able to make important decisions about taking care of and spending money on their health. Thus, identifying symptoms or detecting them very early, lifestyle and commonalities of patients helps prevent such a disease. Henceforward, risk factors play a major role in the development of the disease, such as genetic and vascular factors or disorders. Also psychosocial factors which may positively influence the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of the disease. From this, we conclude that constantly activating the brain is very important, as education, learning, sports and recreation are among the busyness of life’s preoccupations.