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Background: Traumatic brain injury is leading cause of death in developing countries. TBI mostly occurs due to RTA. Patients with TBI must assessed thoroughly and must notice the changes if present. Ct scan has become the best implement in radiological assessment due to a feature that it can properly characterize the temperament and site of the lesions. Method: It is retro-respective cross sectional study stated that 200 patients, admit in ED, from October 2019- January 2021 Medcare International Hospital Gujranwala, Pakistan. The results were evaluated by computed tomography for the type and location of the lesions identified. Results: By performing CT-scan it has been evaluated that Scalp hematoma was seen more. About 4.5% were seen in extra-Dural hematoma, 4% in non-hemorrhagic contusion, 12.5% hemorrhagic contusion, 82.5% in Scalp hematoma, 8% in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 17% with age related atrophy, 13.5% in subdural hematoma, 4% in inflammatory changes, skull fracture about 30% and plain examination were seen about 44.5% and mostly man (n=58) are involved in RTA as compare to the female (n=14). Conclusion: In Conclusion the frequency of scalp hematoma is 82.5% and the incidence of non-hemorrhage contusions and extradural hematoma has the same frequency. RTA patients have a higher risk of developing intra cranial hemorrhage and mostly occur in males as compare to females because mostly males are exposed to outer environment. Tables were used to describe the results.

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Background: Sonographic studies in the arena of erectile dysfunction had reduced in significance in the last 10 years with the introduction of the latest actual therapies and the acknowledgment that surgical of the penile arterial and venous inefficiency had poor long-term clinical results. The praise of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor developed the therapeutics of erectile dysfunction and completely reformed the method in which men erectile dysfunction are evaluated and examined. Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the sonographic findings of erectile dysfunction and the role of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. Methods: A systematic search was achieved of MEDICINE and EMBASE research databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Crossref databases from 2000 to 2021. The keywords are including, Doppler erectile dysfunction, assessment of sonographic findings of erectile dysfunction, the role of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, and penile color Doppler sonography. Results: A total of 193 studies were documented through the database search. Also, 05 studies were recognized through additional bases. Then, the selection was achieved and 43 records were removed due to repetition. More selection was performed for 150 articles and 62 studies were excluded due to lack of evidence. There were 48 studies excluded due to research conducted on animals because this study was only determined on human studies. Conclusions: Soon, color Doppler sonography might be used in favor of patients because it can detect even small vessels in the tissue and study their blood flow. Duplex sonography of the penile arteries must be performed to deliver a good selection of therapeutic options.

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Legionellosis is an acute community-acquired pneumonia in 90% of cases with a hospitalization rate of over 90%. The clinical presentation, although non-specific, is clearly described and biological tools allow a certain and rapid diagnosis. There is no typical radiographic pattern of Legionella infection that would allow differentiation of Legionellosis from other infectious or non-infectious pneumonias, especially on chest CT. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient in whom the scanographic signs strongly suggest a Covid infection19. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular biology.

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Background: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of cholelithiasis among a general population in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: Between August 2020 and December 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional sample of patients who presented to a private hospital in Gujranwala for abdominal ultrasound. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the gallbladder. Cholelithiasis was characterized as the appearance or absence of gallstones. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The male participants were 42% and female participants 58%. The married participants were 88 percent and rest of 12% were unmarried. The highest frequency of cholelithiasis is seen among the age of 28-47 years patients. Regarding Gall bladder appearance, 76 percent of the participants have normal appearance. 6% with distended and16% showed the contracted appearance whereas in 2% cases Gall bladder was surgically absent. In 90% of the cases the sludge was absent in gall bladder and only 10% were filled with sludge. Regarding Gall bladder wall thickness 86% of the participants had normal thickening and in 12% wall was thickened. Whereas 2% cases already had surgically absent GB. The Gall bladder stones were absent in 40 % participants and 60% had stones present in. Conclusions: Incidence of cholelithiasis among patients undergoing abdominal ultrasonography in Gujranwala region was higher in females as compared to males. The married participants showed higher prevalence of GB stones. Patient age, gender and marital status significantly influenced the prevalence.

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Background: Covid 19 is a highly contagious widespread disease-causing thousands of deaths daily. Early diagnosis of this disease proved to be one of the most effective methods for infection tree pruning. The large number of COVID-19 patients is rendering health care systems in many countries overwhelmed. Hence, a trusted automated technique for identifying and quantifying the infected lung regions would be quite advantageous. As many studies revealed that High resolution computed tomography HRCT scan one of the best imaging technique to evaluate the lung condition for proper diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate high resolution computed tomography findings among covid 19 patients for early detection of disease among symptomatic patients to reduce the risk of worsening of condition. Methodology: 118 participants were recruited from Gondal Medical Complex, Gujranwala. The data was collected through history forms and HRCT reports and the data was evaluated through mean and percentages%. Results: In this survey male participants were 63% and female participants were 55%. 14% of the participants were between the age ranges of less than 30 year, 49% of the participants were between age range of 30 to 45 years. HRCT findings revealed regarding Ground glass opacities, 53% of the participants were having GGO, and remaining 46% participants do not have history of GGO. 41% of the participants were having consolidation whereas remaining 58.9% participants do not have consolidation, 33% of the participants were having cavitation abscess, and 66% participants do not have cavitation abscess, 22% of the participants were having Nodules and remaining 77% participants do not have nodules. 13.6% of the participants were having mass and 77% participants do not have mass. Conclusion: The standard ground glass opacities and many other CT characteristics in the patients with the COVID-19 infection generally demonstrated important similarities ....

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Background: Amniotic fluid (AF) is a fluid that encompasses the fetus as it is growing in uterus and provides nutrients. The amniotic fluid index and maximum vertical pocket technique are two frequently used ultrasound tests to estimate amniotic fluid volume. Objective: The goal of study is to access AFV and to correlate AFI and MVP in second and third trimester. Method: In this study, 100 pregnant females of various ages in their second and third trimester were taken. Xario and Z-5 ultrasound Doppler devices with trans-abdominal (3.5-5MHz) probes were used. The FOUR QUARDRANT METHOD and SINGLE POCKET METHOD were used to determine the amount of amniotic fluid. The patient’s data were used with permission of ultrasound department at study site. Results: Out of 100 women, 40 were in their second trimester and 60 were in their third trimester. The AFI technique was used to evaluate the majority of the female patients (60%) and the maximum vertical pocket technique was used to assess 40 (40%) of the female patients. 12 (12%) of 100 patients had oligohydramnios, 18 (18%) had polyhydramnios, 4 females had hazy amniotic fluid, 13 (13%) had hypotension, 2 (2%) had hypertension, and only 1 (1%) had diabetes. Conclusion: Both AFI and SDP were used to determine fluid adequacy. These techniques are helpful in assessing oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios. The typical AFI range is among 5-22.

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Introduction: The clinical need to diagnose sacroiliitis at an earlier stage has led to the sacroiliac joints being more frequently imaged, particularly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review outlines the imaging approach to sacroiliitis, emphasizing the imaging protocols, diagnostic criteria, limitations and potential mimics of MRI examination. The value of imaging-guided intervention in sacroiliac joint disease is also briefly outlined. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, observational and descriptive study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2020 to November 2020. Treatment naive patients with low back pain and subsequently diagnosed with Inflammatory Low Back Pain (LBP) as per Calin criteria were identified. The clinical and laboratory parameters of these patients were recorded. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SIJ) radiographs of these patients were analyzed. Results: Seventy patients were registered with 35 of subjects being female and 35 males. No significant difference was noted in the age of onset or duration of illness in males and females. HLA-B27 positivity was noted in only 9.6% subjects whereas 63.4% of subjects had negative HLA-B27 status. There was no significant difference in the positivity of this gene in male (5.7%) and female (5.7%) groups. Borderline HLA-B27 status was commoner in males (21.1%) than females (7.6%). About 31.4% of cases demonstrated active inflammation (raised CRP levels) at presentation. A maximum number of cases were seen in Grade 2, followed by Grade 3. Cases with symmetrical sacroiliitis were more (27.1%) as compared to asymmetrical/unilateral sacroiliitis. HLA-B27 positivity in symmetric cases was 15.7% as against 11.4% in asymmetric cases. Conclusions: In the present scenario, where the majority of cases are presenting in the chronic stage of the disease, radiography may be advocated in resource poor areas to decrease burden and cost related to

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Background: ICH is the second most frequent variant of stroke following ischemic stroke with the prevalence of 10- 20% in patients with hypertension, their families and society in general. The primary imaging modality suggested for the initial emergency diagnosis of acute stroke is noncontrast CT imaging of the brain. Objective: To accentuate the use of CT scan in investigating the prevalence of ICH in different areas of brain as a gold standard imaging tool in patients with HTN and acute stroke in the population of Gujranwala. Material and Method: This research was conducted at the Gondal Medical Complex Center in Gujranwala, Pakistan, that includes 100 HTN patients of all ages who presented to the hospital CT department with symptoms of headache, vertigo, and nausea from August to December 2020. Results: In the population of 100 patients, the ICH was seen in different brain areas of brain i.e., lobar region, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum and brain stem. On CT scan, the most common site of hemorrhage was Lobar (40%), then Basal Ganglia (35%), Thalamus (12%), Cerebellum(8%) and Brain stem(5%). Conclusion: CT scan has proven to be the excellent, non-invasive and safe imaging modality to localize the exact location of intracerebral hemorrhage. CT has great sensitivity to bleed it will rule out any other type of bleed including SAH, IVH.

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Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease that progresses over time and is characterized by scar tissue within the lungs in the absence of a particular triggering factor. IPF disease severity has traditionally been characterised using terms such as mild, moderate, or extreme. HRCT provides a correct diagnosis of IPF while preventing histological confirmation and interventional procedures. Objective: Purpose of the study is to elaborate different HRCT findings in patients with IPF and their correlation with oxygen saturation to determine disease severity. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a private sector hospital in Gujranwala named “Gondal Medical and Diagnostic Complex”. Total 80 patients were engaged in the study. HRCT was performed on Aquillion 64 slice CT scanner with 1.0 or 2.0 mm thick focal segments taken at 2 cm intervals from around the entire chest and then reconstructed. Results: In this study of 80 patients majority were male (62.5%), while the most common age associated with this disease was 41-50yrs (28.7%), the patients having asthmatic history was 30% and 25% had both smoking and asthma history, 47.5% patients having O2 saturation between 86-90% while the patients having both smoking and asthma history had shown GGO, RP along with honey combing and indicated disease severity by having worse rate of oxygen desaturation as compared to patients having only RP and GGO with better O2 saturation rate to some extent. So, honey combing with different CT features following asthma history in a patient were noted to have worse oxygen desaturation rate which was a brittle sign of disease severity. Conclusions: HRCT is a useful tool for estimating disease severity by correlating clinical histories and O2 desaturation rate with HRCT findings without histological verification and invasive procedures.

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Background: Liver cancer is the 10th most prevalent cancer in the United States, and its occurrence has been raising for many decades. Early identification, diagnosis, and management of diseases are crucial. Computed tomography (CT) is among the most effective and reliable imaging methods for detecting liver lesions and different tumors. CT scanners can perform multiple-phase continuous scan of the entire liver. Objective: To determine the accuracy of triphasic computed tomography in the differentiation between benign and malignant focal liver lesions in patients observed and selected in Gondal medical and diagnostic complex, Gujranwala. Materials and Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study performed at Gondal medical complex and diagnostic center Gujranwala, Pakistan. Total 100 patients were observed during the period of this study and the data of 60 relevant patients were collected on the basis of inclusion criteria set for this study. Results: In this study of 60 patients, males were dominant (56.7%) than females (43.3%). The most dominating age of patients in the study was 41-55 years which accounts for 40% of entire sample. About 38 patients (63.3%) showed increased level of AFP between 401-500ng/ml. Out of 60, 17 patients (28.3%) were diagnosed with benign focal liver lesions and 43 patients (71.7%) were diagnosed with malignant focal liver lesions through different enhancement patterns. The most common malignancy in the current study was HCC and all the patients diagnosed with HCC had an ultrasound detected history of Cirrhosis and CLD. Conclusion: It is concluded that Triphasic CT scan is first line and non-invasive imaging modality which efficiently differentiated benign focal liver lesions from malignant focal liver lesions and the study evidently concluded that raised AFP level is associated with malignant focal liver lesions mostly with HCC.

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Ultrasound is a favourite first line imaging technology for the evaluation of kidneyfunction. Pakistan, which use tobacco products more than 72 percent of the adult male population. Cigarette smoking has emerged over the past few years as an important independent renal risk factor, apart from its conventionally recognized carcinogenic effects and its adverse function as a driver of cardiovascular illness. Smoking is closely linked to significant clinical findings due to changes seen in renal function. The possible association between sensitivity to tabaco smoke and renal ultrasound measurements is yet to be examined. We hypothesized that tobacco consumption is correlated with decreased renal measurements. Objective: The possible association between sensitivity to tabaco smoke and renal ultrasound measurements is yet to be examined. We hypothesized that tobacco consumption is correlated with decreased renal measurements. Approach: This was an observational cross-sectional study in which we observed 385 male patients on Ultrasound within Age range of 20Years to 80Years. We assessed all patients by self-questionnaire. Data was collected from private sector hospital Gujrat, Pakistan. Results: There were 385 people in total who were evaluated. A statistically important relation was established between kidney measurements and the following independent variables. There was no statistically important correlation between kidney, high blood pressure or diabetes. All smoking participants have equal echogenicity. Conclusions: Individuals with a longer smoking history had smaller kidneys. This is especially important considering that statistically significant associations between renal dimension and smoking. As we observe 385 males on ultrasound and assessed by self-questionnaire. In which 40.3% have hypertension and 10.1% are diabetic. 270 patients from 385 have decreased dimensions. Our results show the length, width and parenchymal thickness are decreased .70.1 % smokers have

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Background: Knee pain is one of the most common problems faced by people from time immemorial. There is a wide range of disease ranging from traumatic to degenerative causing knee pain in which articular cartilage is involved. Over the past 15 years, MRI has become the premier, first-line imaging study that should be performed in the evaluation of the painful knee in particular in tears of menisci, cruciate and collateral ligaments, osteochondral abnormalities (chondromalacia, osteoarthritis and osteochondral defects), synovial cysts and bone bruises. MRI, by virtue of its superior soft-tissue contrast, lack of ionizing radiation and multiplanar capabilities, is superior to more conventional techniques for the evaluation of articular cartilage. Aim: The goal of this study to investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in various knee disorders to minimize the risk of secondary complications by early detection of the pathology. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 50 patients in the Medcare International Hospital, Gujranwala. Age between 15 to 50, all diagnosed patients with knee disorders and both males and female were selected, exclusion was set to be those with previous history of surgery of the same knee, Un diagnosed patient and patient with other co morbidities, metabolic disease and other systemic problems beside those using drugs. MRI was performed with Siemens 1.5 Tesla machine. Results: In our study of 50 patients with knee pain and the age range between14 to 70 years old were included, male participants were 62% and female participants 38%. 46% of the participant were responded with no for knee pain, 94.0% of the participant were responded with no joint stiffness, 60% of the participant were responded with no for soft tissue swelling, 38% of the participant were responded with no for ACL tear. Conclusion: In conclusion, individual with acute or chronic knee pain without any definite history of trauma should be sub

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Introduction: Renal colic is a form of stomach discomfort that is usually caused by ureter blockage by dislodged renal stones. In suspected cases of acute renal urolithiasis and acute flank pain, computed tomography (CT) of the kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) is being employed more and more in place of intravenous urography or KUB radiography due to its higher accuracy. Aim: The present study aims to assess the role of unenhanced multidetector computed tomography (CT) of kidneys, ureter and bladder (KUB) in the initial imaging of suspected acute renal colic. Methodology: This study was performed from December 2020 to March 2021 at Gujranwala Division. 138 cases of suspected acute renal colic underwent CT KUB. The demographic data, radiological data, clinical information and follow up data were recorded for each patient. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v.17 was used to perform descriptive analysis. Results: There were 91 (53.5%) male and 79 (46.5%) females included in the present study with mean age of 50.86 ± 18.57 years. Out of 170 patients, only 138 (81.17%) were indicated with acute findings, whereas 32 (18.82%) individuals showed no acute findings. Majority of the stones had location near the pelvic brim (n=47; 27.6%). Conclusion: The use of CT KUB should be encouraged for evaluation of renal colic.

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Tuberculosis is a widespread chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an uncommon infectious disease because of the latent period between the infection and the appearance of the disease may be prolonged for many weeks, months, or years as it is in case of the secondary tuberculosis [1]. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis represents approximately 15% of all TB infections [2]. Radiologists must be aware of the imaging findings of extrapulmonary TB to identify the condition even in the absence of active pulmonary infection. Here we present a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis on ATT who later complains of abdominal pain and is found to have multiorgan manifestations due to the sequelae of the same.

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developing world, found in 17-30% of the population in Western countries and 2-4% worldwide, and has been recognized as a major health burden. The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionally with the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary pattern, and metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia. Currently, there is no drug therapy that can be formulated for treating NAFLD. A combination of dietary modifications and increased physical activity remains the main stay of NAFLD management. Thus, the results of this study may help to assess the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia therefore we can prevent the progression and complication of disease through early detection and by the help of life style modification and pharmacological management. Aim: The present study aims to assess association of fatty liver disease in young healthy adults with hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kharian from December 2020 to March 2021. It included individuals with age range of 20-30 of either gender. In total 500 patients were screened for presence of fat liver disease and hyperlipidemia. Demographics for patients was noted and descriptive analysis was conducted by SPSS version17. Results: Total 500 participants were selected to perform this study. Their age was 20 to 31. 53% participants were male and 47% were female. Regarding the presence of hyperlipidemia 53% of the participants responded with yes and 46% of the participant responded with no. Regarding the presence of liver disease, 51% of the participants responded with yes and 49% of the participants responded with no. Conclusion: There is an association of hyperlipidemia and NFLD. There was diverse dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD associated with hyperlipidemia, MetS dyslipidemia...

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The three dimensional dental imaging allows endodontists to see more anatomy, and with more clarity than traditional film-based dental x-rays. The focused x-ray beam reduces scatter radiation, resulting in better image quality and a lower dose of radiation. With an enhanced visualization of your teeth, bones, and surrounding hard and soft tissue, endodontist will understand more about diagnosis and treatment plan. The three-dimensional imaging has made the complex dento-facial structures more accessible for examination and early and accurate diagnosis of deep seated lesions. This paper is to review current advances in imaging technology and their uses in different disciplines of dentistry.

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Introduction: Knee joint is the numerous structures within it and their various pathologies, which result in pain and many other symptoms such as instability and restriction in range of motion. There have been numerous studies studying accuracy of the MRI of the knee, there has been only a few that have fully investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the MRI in patients with an acute ACL injury, thus the present study aims to assess role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in patients with internal derangements of knee. Aim: The research aims to assess role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in patients with internal derangements of knee. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was completed from December 2020- March 2021 at Department of Radiology of Tertiary Care Hospital. The 40 female patients with any age were made part of the study with painful or unstable knee joint. Clinical examination was performed after recording demographic data. MRI was performed and primary and secondary signs were noted for each case. SPSS 17 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The majority of the patients were male (n=29; 72.5%), whereas only 11 (27.5%) females. On findings regarding complete/partial ACL, 57.5% participants responded with complete ACL, whereas 42.5% with partial ACL. Conclusion: Accurate and non-invasive methods for the ligamentous injury evaluation are magnetic resonance imaging. In patients with soft tissue injuries to the knee, it might be performed as a first line examination.