ABSTRACT
Since many disposal sites are open dumps without any barrier especially in developing countries, there is danger of leaching, infiltration of contaminated compounds into the soil which could influence the quality of ground water and vegetation that is near to the dumpsites. This study however becomes important as a result of indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceuticals due to open incineration in landfill which exposes human to health risk. The overview of the study is aimed at assessing the presence of suspected heavy metals like Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, As, Mn and Ni by inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in soil within 10-20cm depth, maize and water from borehole of 150ft deep, river and well. Samples were prepared for analysis by acid digestion using 5% HNO3 and 30% H2 O2 .A total of 13 water samples in wet season,14 in dry season, 19 soil sample in wet season and 18 all samples included control samples, maize was 5 from wet season. The distribution of mean concentration of As ((3855.76 ± 986.31ppm) in Epe soil and Olusosun water ((326813.51 ± 424857.56ppm), Hg in Epe soil (1785.75± 1001.4ppm)were high, Cd ((36.68 ± 190.6ppm) at Epe ,Co (2932821.87 ± 1461049.91ppm) in soil, Co (9.75 ± 5.8ppm) in water were high. The samples were obtained from active dumpsites and control sites in four LGA during wet and dry season for a better risk analysis and comparism. Soil analysis had As above WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 20ppm, Cd recorded at all sites were above the WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 3ppm for soils. The Hg mean concentration in soil was recorded above WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 2.00ppm but noticed to be low or absent in water (p< 0.01), this could be as a result of open digestion that led to escape of Hg compounds. It was observed that high accumulation of heavy metals were in soil samples, this exceeded their WHO/FAO threshold while the mean concentration of water were significantly low. This article gives a

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of school operational grants, the implementation of accountability and transparency on the effectiveness of school financial management at General High School (SMA) and Islamic High School (MA) in Banda Aceh City. The results showed that the use of school operational grants, the implementation of accountability and transparency partially significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of school financial management at SMA and MA Kota Banda Aceh. The use of school operational grants, integral accountability and transparency also have a significant effect on the effectiveness of school financial management at SMA and MA Kota Banda Aceh. The effectiveness of school financial management at SMA and MA Kota Banda Aceh was strongly influenced by the use of school operational grants, accountability and transparency implementation, 92.8 percent and the rest of 7.2 percent influenced by other variables outside of this research model.

ABSTRACT
Water is one of the basic necessities for sustenance of life, and its impact nearly in all areas of life. Diseases related to contamination of drinking water constitute a major burden on human health. In resource-poor and low-population-density areas, on-site sanitation is preferred to off-site sanitation and groundwater is the main source of water for domestic uses. Given the widespread use of groundwater for domestic purposes in rural areas, maintaining groundwater quality is a critical livelihood intervention. This study assessed impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in Nguru town, Local Government Area of Yobe State. Water Samples from boreholes, hand pumps and wells were collected from Hausari, Bulabulin, Tsohon Nguru, Sabon gari, and Garbi communities of Nguru town of Yobe State. Parameters analysed were total and faecal coliforms. The number of Total faecal coliforms as well as E. coli of all the samples exceeded the recommended value of 0 CFU/100 ml by WHO guidelines for a good quality for drinking water. Results indicated that significant association existed between distances from water source to the nearest pit latrine and the bacteriological loads in the water samples.