ABSTRACT
The mandibular fracture becomes frequent in the region of Tombouctou northern Mali. Owing to the absence of Oral and Maxillofacial team, limited complementary exams; and limited surgical tools, we decided to practice closed reduction for favorable, limited displacement of mandibular fracture as the ideal alternative method of treatment for mandibular fractures using Eyelet wiring which is rapid, simple and costs less to the patient.

ABSTRACT
The aim of our study was to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the therapeutic limits of these emergencies in a regional urology unit in Guinea. This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six (6) months from 1 January to 30 June 2021. The proportion of urological emergencies in relation to urological pathologies was 31% of cases, i.e. 104 patients out of 232. The average age of our patients was 43.81 years, with extremes of 1 and 90 years. These emergencies were dominated by bladder retention (75%; n=78), followed by urogenital trauma (7.69%; n=8) and hematuria (6.73%; n=7). The main diagnostic hypotheses for bladder ́urine retention were prostatic tumours (76.924%; n=60), urethral strictures (19.23%, n=15), and posterior urethral valves (3.84%; n=3). Infectious pathologies were dominated by gangrene of the external genitalia (2.88%, n=3). Emergency management of our patients was dominated by urethral catheterisation in 53.98% (n=61) followed by medical procedures sometimes associated with catheterisation and bladder irrigation (6.20%; n=7).

ABSTRACT
Background: PROM is a complex condition with multifactorial etiology, including factors like multigravida, low socioeconomic status, concomitant infections, late symptom presentation, and a history of preterm PROM. Conventional management strategies include expectant management, waiting for spontaneous labor, and active management, involving induction with oxytocin or prostaglandins. Objectives: This prospective cross- sectional observational study aimed to evaluate fetomaternal outcomes in both expectant and active management of term PROM. Methods: Conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, the study included 50 pregnant women with a history of PROM, gestational age ≥37 weeks, and spontaneous membrane rupture. Data were collected from March to September 2019 using purposive sampling. Demographic information was recorded, and clinical examinations were performed. Data were processed, analyzed, and compared between active management (Group-A) and expectant management (Group-B). Results: The study population's age ranged from 17 to 35 years, with a majority aged 20-25 years (42.0%). Most patients were from urban areas (52.0%), with 52% belonging to a socioeconomically disadvantaged class. Group-A, which underwent active management, showed a significantly higher rate of delivery within 12 hours (80.0%) compared to Group-B (48%). Both groups had similar induction-to-delivery intervals. Vaginal deliveries were more frequent in Group-A (84% vs. 64%), while Group-B had a higher rate of C-sections due to fetal distress. Group-B experienced more maternal complications, including puerperal sepsis, wound infections, and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonatal outcomes were better in Group-A, with higher Apgar scores at both 1 and 5 minutes. Conclusion: Active management was associated with better outcomes in term PROM cases compared to expectant management. Early antenatal diagnosis and risk factor identification are essential tools.....