ABSTRACT
Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the profile of patients admitted to the paediatric emergency department at Dubréka Prefectural Hospital. Methods: Our study was conducted in the paediatric ward of Dubréka Prefectural Hospital. It was a dynamic descriptive study lasting six months, from 1 April to 30 September 2024. We included in our study all children aged 0 to 15 years admitted to the paediatric ward of Dubréka Prefectural Hospital for a medical emergency. A medical emergency was defined as a situation requiring immediate medical intervention. Results: We recorded 176 emergency cases out of 882 admissions, representing a frequency of 20%. Children under 5 years of age were the most represented with 130 cases, or 74%. The average age of our patients was 3.6 years, with extremes of 0 and 14 years. Females predominated, with a sex ratio of M/F = 0.87. Fever was the most common reason for consultation (96.59%). Sixty-three patients were referred from another healthcare facility (35.8%). One hundred and twenty-eight patients were admitted between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. (72.2%). The majority of patients arrived at the hospital by public transport (86.36%). Ninety-nine patients had received medical treatment before arriving at the hospital (62.26%). Malaria was the most common cause (36.96%), followed by bronchopneumonia (17.07%). Conclusion: Communication efforts aimed at changing behaviour must undoubtedly continue at the population level in order to combat delays in the treatment of paediatric medical emergencies, thereby optimising therapeutic benefits and minimising sequelae.

ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus foot deformities (FD) comprise all the pathological changes in the foot of a person with diabetes mellitus. The current global burden of FD is worrisome and contributes to the global burden of disability and reduction in the quality of life. Objectives: This study evaluated the prevalence, spectrum of foot deformity and the associated risk factors in subjects with type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 98 consenting T2DM subjects at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South-eastern Nigeria. Relevant socio-demographic, clinical and Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) score data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the DNS questionnaire. Clinical evaluations that included detailed foot, anthropometric, blood pressure measurements, biothesiometry, monofilament testing and lower limb doppler ultrasonography were done. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25. Result: A total of 98 T2DM subjects were evaluated and comprised 51% and 49% male and female subjects, respectively, with a mean age of 59.61 ± 11.62 years and mean DM duration of 11.11 ± 8.48 years. A total of 62.2% of the subjects had foot deformity, of which 30.6%, 4.1%, 13.3%, 8.2%, 7.1% and 4.1% had prominent metatarsal head, pes cavus, pes planus, claw toe, hammer toe, and mallet toe, while 11.2%, 4.1%, 9.2%, 4.1%, 2.0%, 43.95, 3.1%, 1.0% and 28.6% of the subjects had hallus rigidus, hallus varus, hallus valgus (bunion), bunionette, Charcot foot, muscle atrophy, disarticulation, amputation and limited joint mobility, respectively. Foot deformity showed significant association with the age of the subjects, educational level, DM duration, glycaemic control, global obesity and presence of neuropathy. Conclusion: The prevalence of FD in T2DM subjects from this study was very high and FD was significantly associated with some modifiable risk factors that included educational level, glycaemic control and glob

ABSTRACT
The word paraphimosis is derived from two Greek words: "para" (meaning "beyond" or "resembling") and "phimosis" (meaning "to muzzle" or "to restrict"). It is a true urological emergency. [1, 2]. We report a case of iatrogenic paraphimosis after urinary catheterization and review the literature. This is a 2-year-old male patient who presented to the urology department with plaintive cries, painful penile swelling, fever, and vomiting after transurethral catheterization for acute urinary retention. Physical examination revealed a retracted foreskin behind the corona of the glans with swollen and edematous preputial mucosa. He also had a fever of 38.2°C. Paraphimosis is a rare urological emergency. In 15 years of urological practice, we have recorded only one case. Burstein and Paquin, from Canada, reported 46 patients between October 2013 and September 2016 [18]. If left untreated, it can lead to catastrophic penile lesions. The treatment was surgery. It is important to return the foreskin to its original position after urethral catheterization or cystoscopy.