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Aim: To study Pelvic sonographic findings, their relationship with microorganisms detected on endocervical swabs and factors associated with sonographic PID among women at Gynaecology clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: 144 women aged 15-49 years with clinical diagnosis of PID at gynaecology clinic of MRRH were interviewed with structured questionnaires about socio-demographic, behavioural and gynaecological factors. Pelvic sonographic examination via transvaginal and transabdominal methods was performed. Analysis of sonographic PID findings, association with factors above and testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), a DNA-PCR test was done. Data was entered using EPI info, exported to excel and analysed using STATA© 15.0 software (College Station, Texas, USA). Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies, percentages, Chi-square test followed by logistic regression. Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation. A factor was considered associated if p≤ 0.05. Results: Sonographic PID was diagnosed in 41.66% (60/144) of patients. Most presented with uterine findings 9.72% (14), free fluid in posterior cul-de-sac 6.94% (10). Few had fallopian tubal and ovarian findings each at 3.47% (5) respectively. However, most patients presented with mixed structural findings 18.05% (26). The rest of the patients 58.35% (84) had normal findings. Women with history of STIs [AOR = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.00–7.57), p=0.05] or had adnexal mass [AOR = 7.1 (95% CI: 1.58–31.90), p=0.01] were statistically more likely to have sonographic PID. Of the 144 women, 29.17% (42) were diagnosed with microorganisms, 22.92% (33) positive for Neisseria, 4.86% (7) positive for chlamydia and 1.39% (2) for both. However, at 5% level of significance diagnosis with Neisseria gonorrhoeae was associated with a higher likelihood of sonographic PID compared to absence of microorganisms (p<0.05). Conclusion: A high proportion ...

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This article presents the case of a 14-year-old male who experienced acute torsion of an undescended testis located in the right inguinal canal. The patient presented with severe right inguinal pain. Imaging studies, including CT and MRI, revealed the underlying pathology. Intraoperative findings confirmed testicular necrosis, necessitating an orchiectomy. This report aims to highlight the clinical presentation, radiological findings, and surgical management of this condition, supplemented with relevant images.

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Common atrium accounts for 0.5% to 1% of congenital heart diseases. It is characterized by the atria septum's complete absence and atrioventricular canal defect. It may occur as an isolated malformation or associated with other extracardiac anomalies. Untreated cases are at risk of developing pulmonary hypertension. We present a case of an 18-month-old female baby with a recurrent chest infection, central cyanosis, and echocardiographic features of the common atrium concurrent with atrioventricular canal defect and features of pulmonary hypertension.

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This is a 48-month prospective descriptive study of male patients hospitalised for BAU obstruction in our urology department at the Gavardo Hospital in Bamako. At the end of the study, 1230 cases were counted. Over a 12-month period from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2023, we recorded 1,230 patients, including five hundred and fifty-four cases (554cases) of TBAU in our department. The average age of our patients was 51.6 years, and the age group most affected was 66-76 years. Among the pathologies identified, 148 cases of prostate adenoma ranked first in our urology department's surgical activity, with a frequency of 12.03%, followed by urinary lithiasis with 8.78% over a period of 48 months. During the same period, we recorded 74 cases of cancer confirmed by anatomo-histopathological examination, with a frequency of 6.03%. Conclusion: Lower urinary tract disorders are polymorphous and vary according to age. Their mechanism is not unequivocal; the disorders are either primitive due to alteration in the function of the bladder muscle known as the detrusor, of myogenic or neurogenic origin, or secondary to a sub-bladder lesion.

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Context and objective Schistosomoses or bilharziasis constitute the second world parasitic endemia after malaria, the objective of our study was to generally study urinary bilharzia at the Markala reference health centre. Patients and methods: It was a transversal and descriptive study carried out in the Markala reference health center on the cases of urinary bilharzoses diagnosed and treated on the basis of paraclinical investigations over a period of 29 months from January 2019 to June 2021. At the end of this study, it appears that 62 cases of urinary bilharziosis had been diagnosed, including 19 associated tumours. The average age of our patients was 28 years, with extremes ranging from 04 to 75 years. Male sex was most represented with 48 cases or 77.4%. The bambaras were the most affected ethnic group or 43.5% with a clear provenance of the Markala district (43.5%). We recorded 18 cases of chronic kidney failure, 29%, followed by chronic cystitis (19.4%). The radiological aspects of sequelae of the most found uro-genital bilharzia were: bladder tumors with 67.7%; Calcifications (ureteral and bladder) represented 32.3%; and Bilharzian cystitis (40.32%). Calcifications (ureteral and bladder) according to the topography were noted respectively 22% and 10.3%. Conclusion: A real public health problem Bilharziasis occupies second place in parasitic conditions in Mali. It represents a real obstacle to economic development because touching the most active age of the population. The paradox of bilharziasis is that, the irrigated areas, fitted out to ensure food self- sufficiency and hydroelectric dams contribute to the progression of the Bilharzian infestation.

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Introduction: Accurate determination of gestation is very important in routine antenatal care. Gestation age is usually determined from the last menstrual period, which is unreliable due to recall bias and menstrual irregularities etc. It is also determined from fetal biometry whose accuracy decrease with increasing gestation age. Normal placental growth determines normal fetal growth. Aim: To determine the average sonographic placental thickness and its correlation with GA among low-risk singleton pregnant women 15 weeks to 36weeks attending antenatal clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 249 singleton low risk pregnant women with known first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP) at 15 to 36weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at MRRH from June 2021 to September 2021. Ultrasound scanning was performed using GE logic V2 ultrasound machine with (3-5MHZ) convex probe. Placental thickness (PT) was measured perpendicular at umbilical cord insertion, fetal growth parameters (BPD, HC, AC and FL) were also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA© 15.0 software). Mean placental thickness with standard deviation was calculated. Pearson’s correlation was applied to determine the correlation between placental thickness (PT) and gestational age as well as foetal growth parameters. Results: In this study the participants age range was 16-43 years with mean of (25±5.59) years. Their parity ranged from 0-7(mean 1.28±1.37). The mean PT was (28.47 ± 5.43) mm. PT ranged from (17.95± 1.10) mm at 15 weeks to (37.50 ± 1.69) mm at 36 weeks. PT (in mm) had a linear relationship and a statistically significant positive correlation with GA (in weeks) (r = 0.96), p=0.001. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between PT and the fetal growth parameters. Conclusion: Placental thickness increases with increase in gestational age. A strong positive correlation between PT and fetal ....

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Background: Developed countries bear a higher burden of breast cancer compared to developing ones. However, they have higher survival rates (80-90%) compared to developing countries (57%). In Zambia, this is compounded by the lack of context-specific integrated predictive model and framework. Aim: To develop an integrated breast cancer ultrasound predictive model and framework suitable for clinical use in low-resource settings. Methods: A quantitative analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling and the breast ultrasound features were documented using the modified BI-RADS Atlas fifth edition. Histology results for the same patients were documented using the modified RCP reporting proformas. Finally, the ultrasound and histology findings were compared for each patient. Results: The findings of this study indicate that productive age, multi-parity, marital status (married), and employment status (employed) are significantly associated with breast cancer (P<0.05). The strength for the associations were 0.6930 and 0.7872 for reproductive age and multi-parity respectively, whereas the strength for the associations of marital and employment status with breast cancer were 0.4455 and 0.4624 respectively. Irregular shape, vertical orientation, hypoechogenicity, complex echopattern, irregular or spiculated margin contours, compression of surrounding tissue, and absence of hyperechogenic spots or a hyperechoic halo or thin capsule were found to be associated with breast cancer (P<0.05). The strength of the association of the preceding ultrasound features with breast cancer was 0.4953, 0.3712, 0.7989, 0.4722, 0.4783, 0.3527 and 0.4540 respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that breast cancer lesions in stage 2 were the most prevalent, and ductal carcinomas were the most common histological type. Conclusion: In countries with limited resources with limited access to imaging diagnostic tools, ...........