ABSTRACT
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) which is caused by bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis is defined as a syndrome of raised intracranial pressure with normal imaging of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. There are many controversies and myths that surround IIH. Although patients of IIH may present “typical” symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure, clinical scenarios often vary. A typical clinical and radiological finding poses significant problems in diagnosis and management of patients with IIH. We have tried to resolve these controversies and provide a comprehensive update on different aspects of IIH caused by bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis. In this article, we review the common problems encountered while dealing with patients of IIH. Here we present a case of bilateral transverse venous sinus stenosis who later complaints of blurring of vision, retro orbital pain with eye movements, headache and nausea.

ABSTRACT
The pelvic “Mickey Mouse” sign is created by bilateral inguinal hernias containing either portion of bladder or even as an isolated content which is seen on imaging. The “hutch diverticula” showing Mickey Mouse appearance is a congenital bladder diverticula noted at the vesicoureteric junction due to detrusor muscle weakness. Inguinal hernias may rarely have bladder as its content, but being sole component is uncommon [1]. Urinary bladder hernias usually affect elderly, obese males. Symptoms depend on degree of the bladder involvement and its important to evaluate such conditions to avoid bladder injury and treat (LUTS) lower urinary tract symptoms [2].

ABSTRACT
Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in children. Luminal obstruction of the appendix progresses to suppurative inflammation and perforation, which causes generalised peritonitis or an appendix mass/abscess. Classical features include periumbilical pain that migrates to the right iliac fossa, anorexia, fever, and tenderness and guarding in the right iliac fossa. Atypical presentations are particularly common in preschool children. A clinical diagnosis is possible in most cases, after a period of active observation if necessary; inflammatory markers and an ultrasound scan are useful investigations when the diagnosis is uncertain. Treatment is by appendicectomy after appropriate fluid resuscitation, analgesia and intravenous antibiotics. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is better than open appendicectomy in most cases because it is associated with less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay, but recovery after acute appendicitis is mostly dictated by whether the appendix was perforated or not. Management of the appendix mass remains controversial and not all affected children need an interval appendicectomy. This article discusses tips and pitfalls in diagnosis and addresses many of the controversies that surround the management of this condition.

ABSTRACT
Objective: Establish diagnostic reference levels for interventional radiology procedures common to Cardiology Institute and a private polyclinic and compare them with international standards. Methods: Study carried out in two interventional radiology units in Abidjan, Cardiology Institute and a private polyclinic. Coronarography, coronary angioplasty and uterine fibroid embolization were commun procedures to both centers selected. Thirty patients per procedure were selected. Epidemiological data and dosimetric values (PDS, scan timing, cumulative doses) were noted. Results: Pds was 29, 86 Gy.cm2, scan timing 7 min 82s, cumulative doses 457, 5 mGy for coronarography. Pds was 47, 77 Gy.cm2; scan timing 27 min 28s; cumulative doses 862 mGy for coronary angioplasty. Pds was 298, 45 Gy.cm2; scan timing 38 min 09s; cumulative doses 1162 mGy for uterine fibroid embolization. Conclusion: Differences were observed between the two sites due to differences in equipment. NRD were sometimes lower or higher than international values.

ABSTRACT
Lipomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumors of the mesenchymal origin. It is a slow growing mass which is usually painless, asymptomatic and normally arises where fat is present. Its occurrence in parotid region is found to be more rare where they can be found nearby the parotid capsule, inside the capsule or within the gland. Parotid gland lipomas occurs about 0.6 – 4% of all lipoma cases. We report a rare case of parotid gland lipoma of a 38 year old female patient who presented with swelling in the left side of the neck. CT scan showed a fat density mass lesion in the left parotid gland region extending into the left sternocleidomastoid muscle displacing the left retromandibular vein.

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma is one of the common malignancies affecting young adults. The most common sites are the femur (42%, with 75% of tumours in the distal femur). A pathological fracture in an osteosarcoma is rare with an incidence, either at diagnosis or during the pre-operative treatment of 5-10%. A 20-year-old male complained of swelling in lower end of right femur since one year. The swelling was insidious in onset and progressive in nature. Patient complained of pain at the site of swelling with significant increase in the size of swelling for past one month. There was no history of trauma and evidence of Café-au-lait spots or other signs of neurofibromatosis. Radiograph of right femur revealed wide zone of transition, cortical destruction, perpendicular and aggressive periosteal reaction and soft tissue involvement at the distal of right femur. Pathological fracture was noted at metaphysis of distal femur. Reconstructed CT image of right femur showed evidence of chondroid and osteoid matrix in the posterior aspect of distal femur. No intramedullary extension was noted. Later wide excision was performed and histopathology examination revealed findings of consistent with periosteal osteosarcoma. Here we present a rare case of periosteal osteosarcoma with pathological fracture at metaphysis of distal femur.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Knee joint is the numerous structures within it and their various pathologies, which result in pain and many other symptoms such as instability and restriction in range of motion. There have been numerous studies studying accuracy of the MRI of the knee, there has been only a few that have fully investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the MRI in patients with an acute ACL injury, thus the present study aims to assess role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in patients with internal derangements of knee. Aim: The research aims to assess role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in patients with internal derangements of knee. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was completed from December 2020- March 2021 at Department of Radiology of Tertiary Care Hospital. The 40 female patients with any age were made part of the study with painful or unstable knee joint. Clinical examination was performed after recording demographic data. MRI was performed and primary and secondary signs were noted for each case. SPSS 17 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The majority of the patients were male (n=29; 72.5%), whereas only 11 (27.5%) females. On findings regarding complete/partial ACL, 57.5% participants responded with complete ACL, whereas 42.5% with partial ACL. Conclusion: Accurate and non-invasive methods for the ligamentous injury evaluation are magnetic resonance imaging. In patients with soft tissue injuries to the knee, it might be performed as a first line examination.