ABSTRACT
The knowledge of the mothers on immunization - a public health intervention that has greatly reduced mortality and morbidity globally- is very vital as they play a great role in child care. Their ability to have the right knowledge will enhance their practice and attitude toward immunization. This cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted in Khartoum State Ummbada locality (Albugaa) in period from 5th February to 6th March-2017. Aimed to study the knowledge, attitudes and practice of mothers with children under five years toward vaccination, the study was included 384 mother which have children under five years, divided into six area. The data was collected through questionnaire and interview, and data was analyzed by handily an excel program. The study shown that the majority 90% of mothers heard about the hear of vaccination, about 52% of mothers had poor knowledge about number of the routine doses which given to the child less than two years, 55% of mother had negative attitudes toward vaccination of child in vaccination campaigns, and 66% of mothers good practice toward their treated with the side effects of vaccines. We recommended to Ministry of Health of Khartoum State should be conducting health education campaigns about vaccination for mothers continuously through media and Provided mothers with vaccination booklets explain the importance of vaccination, routine doses, importance of vaccination card and how to manage the sideeffects of vaccination, and obligating all health centers to provided health instructions about vaccination for mothers.

ABSTRACT
Background: Pancreatic calculi are a condition characterised by irreversible destruction and fibrosis of the exocrine parenchyma, leading to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and progressive endocrine failure leading to diabetes. Tropical calcific pancreatitis, an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, is usually associated with the pancreatic duct stones for which lateral pancreatico jejunostomy provides excellent results with acceptable early morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the post-operative complications of pancreatico jejunostomy in patients with pancreatic calculi. Methods: This was a descriptive type of prospective study. A total of 26 patients were included in the study between July 2011 to December 2011 in a BSMMU and other private hospitals of Dhaka who underwent lateral pancreatico jejunostomy for pancreatic calculi. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and presented in tables by number, percentage, mean±SD, median. Results: This study was conducted to find out the efficacy and safety of lateral pancreatico jejunostomy in cases of pancreatic calculi. Highest proportion of the patients (n=26) are in the age group of 30-40 years (13 out of 26 number of patients. The mean age of the patients is 36.74. More than 64% of the patients were male. Female was found in 35% cases. Revealed that 3.84% of the patients were alcoholic. 96.15% of the patients (25 out of 26 patients) were non alcoholic. 30.76% (8 patients out of 26) is associated with gallstone disease.69.23% (18 patients out of 26) is not associated with gallstone disease. Upper abdominal pain was present in 100% patients. Steatorrhoea was present in 15.38% of the patients (4 patients out of 26).Jaundice predominated in 3.85% of the patients (1 patient out of 26). Shows that 34.61% of the patients (9 patients out of 26) developed post-operative morbidity, death occurred in 3.85% (1 patient out of 26). In our study 11.54% of the patients (3 patients out of 26) ............

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Harris Hip Score (HHS) is a tool for evaluating the functional outcome of complete hip replacement patients (THR). The goal of this study was to use the Modified Harris hip score to assess the clinical and functional outcomes following total hip replacement. Methods: The research comprised patients who were admitted to our ward for THR between June 1st, 2021 and May 1st, 2022. All patients had a thorough medical history and physical examination. The Modified HHS was used to score the patients. Details from the pre-operative and post-operative periods were recorded. Results: In this research, we investigated at 28 hip joints. Preoperatively, the average modified HHS was 27, rising to 59 at six weeks and 85 at six months. The difference between before and after scores was statistically significant. Modified HHS performed well in individuals who began partial and full weight bearing early. Conclusions: Post-operatively, patients who had early partial and complete weight bearing reported good modified HHS. For measuring patients' post-THR functional status, we propose using a modified HHS.

ABSTRACT
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic age-related disorder that is characterised by abnormal production of fibrillar extracellular matrix material and it's deposition in tissues of the eye and other systemic tissues. They are classically seen as deposits on the anterior lens capsule as dandruff-like white powdery residue. The material deposits in all anterior segment structures including iris, pupillary margins, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, zonules and anterior capsule of lens. In the eye, these deposits cause deviancy from normal structure and function, resulting in poor pupil dilatation, zonular weakness, changes in corneal endothelium, secondary glaucoma and nuclear cataract formation. These changes caused in the eye due to Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome can be a challenge for a surgeon doing routine cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in such patients, as these manifestations of PEX can prove to be obstacles during the surgery and cause post operative complications. The surgeon also has to keep in mind associated secondary glaucoma during management of such a case. Thus visual outcome could be compromised.