ABSTRACT
All the material presented in this thesis as well as the author’s implications/conclusions prove that a living organism can be perceived as a complex electronic device similar to technical devices, whereas biological materials (proteins, DNA, RNA) - as components of electronic devices. These arguments allow us to state that a biological system can be considered to be a quantum computer that functions on the basis of entangled quantum states and optoelectronic phenomena. Melanin and neuromelanin are involved in the central control of all biological, physiological and psychological processes. Numerous modular communication systems and signalling pathways that transmit signals into cells are generated under the influence of light. Melanin and neuromelanin function as multireceptors of a full range of electromagnetic, acoustic, and soliton waves, torsion fields and bioplasma, which does not receive so much information as the senses do, but receive it constantly. The role of photoreceptors, receptors of hearing and touch is limited to a single reception of a stimulus, whereas melanin and neuromelanin play an integrative function, combining stimulus elements into a whole, namely combining movement with space and time, sound with light, space and time. From the psychological point of view, melanin and neuromelanin are responsible for the entire process of adaptation to the environment, mental development, the development of attention and perceptual experience, which, together with an increase in melanin and neuromelanin, acquire better sharpness and quality. Bioplasma controls these processes.

ABSTRACT
In this study a transformation flow sheet of a single column cryogenic air separation is proposed, the air separation process utilizes the LNG re-gasification cold energy, the transformation flow sheet shows the main actions happens in each unit operation in the process, these action are whether desired, undesired, corrective or transport transformation, this transformation flow sheet helps for better understanding of the process and also helps to investigate the weakness and improving the design.

ABSTRACT
The long history of the dispute among physicists as to whether matter is composed of particles or waves is reviewed. A turning point came at the dawn of the 20th century in the form of the de Broglie momentum-wavelength and Bohr/Planck energy frequency relations. It was on this basis that Schrödinger developed a quantum mechanical differential equation whose solution came to be known as a wave function. The Born Interpretation of these functions holds that their absolute square constitutes a probability distribution which has been used successfully to make predictions of the properties of the system under discussion. It is pointed out that the phenomenon of light refraction played a key role in the development of both Newton’s corpuscular theory of light and the competing theory of Huygens which looks upon light as consisting exclusively of waves. It is shown that Newton’s failure to predict the decrease in the speed of light as it passes from air into water was not because of his belief in the particle composition of light, but rather because he not did anticipate that the mass of a photon changes upon entering a medium of higher index of refraction n. By assuming that the energy E of light is equal pc/n, where p is the momentum of the photons and c is the speed of light in free space, it is shown that the experimental dependence of the speed the light on its wavelength as it passes through a transparent medium is derived successfully through the use of Hamilton’s Canonical Equations and Newton’s Second Law of Kinetics. It is suggested that the relationship between particles and waves can be understood by noting that the localized properties of matter exhibit themselves in experiments such as the photoelectric effect where attention can be concentrated on the behavior of a single particle. The corresponding wave properties occur when large numbers of particles are observed under exactly similar circumstances, as for example in electron diffraction. ...........

ABSTRACT
E-learning has become a reality which it is impossible to ignore now, especially in this break out of worldwide pandemic. The need to know about its concerns, related concepts, types, algorithms, skills, tools, implementation, deployment and evaluation have motivated many researchers. it also seems reasonable to expect that researchers will rate the computer as the greatest invention in human history in terms of facilitating global communication. E-learning assessment is process of assessing teaching and learning activities in the e-learning system. This paper hovers around the review of literatures on e – learning assessment with clustering method. Assessment is one of the integral parts of the educational system all over the world and it plays a vital role in students’ learning progress. This is achieved through different means of assessments which will be added together to achieve effective results in student learning progress. However, it has been observed that students who have undergone e-learning programme just read for grade at the end of the semester thereby lacking learning progress monitoring during the course of study. Most under-graduate and post-graduate modules are fully online but only few numbers of continuous assessment tests (cats) are delivered online. E-learning assessment is a means of assessing students’ learning outcomes in e-learning system and most existing systems are based on summative assessment which assess students only at the end of the semester but this assessment system uses clustering method of data mining and formative assessment mechanism, this will significantly improve students’ learning experiences and achievements. This constructive criticism and insight can be used to create an action plan that moves forward the ability to modify learning behaviors and achieve their learning goals.

ABSTRACT
The history of attempts to reconcile the amount of neutrino flux arriving at the earth’s surface from the sun with the profile of fusion reactions occurring on the sun is recounted. Less than half the expected number of neutrinos is actually found, which has raised questions about the reliability of the method of detection used. It is pointed out that there is a key theoretical assumption which may be incorrect, however, namely that every fusion reaction necessarily leads to the emission of a single neutrino. While this assumption is amply verified for reactions taking place under normal laboratory conditions, arguments are presented that indicate that the situation could be significantly different at the high temperatures occurring in stellar atmospheres.

ABSTRACT
A key characteristic of Newton’s First Law of Motion is that it satisfies the Law of Causality. It is pointed out that the same arguments that are the basis for the conclusion that the speed and direction of an object will not change in the absence of some unbalanced external force can be equally well applied to all other physical properties. For example, it must be expected that a clock in motion will maintain the same constant rate indefinitely under these conditions. It is thus clear that two such (inertial) clocks must have a constant ratio Q, which means that the time difference of any two events measured with these clocks must satisfy an analogous proportionality relation, i.e. Δt’ = Δt/Q. The space-time mixing characteristic exhibited by the Lorentz transformation (LT) stands in contradiction to this proportionality, therefore demonstrating that the LT violates the Law of Causality. The experiments carried out with circumnavigating atomic clocks demonstrate that the same proportionality relationship for elapsed times is satisfied quite generally and is used to good effect in the operation of the Global Positioning System. A consequence of the elapsed-time proportionality is the absolute simultaneity of events occurring anywhere in the universe. Analogous proportional relationships, referred to as uniform scaling, exist for all physical properties. Hence, there exists a Corollary to the Law of Inertia for properties that is applicable on a completely general basis.

ABSTRACT
Medical species (Senecio L.) not only is key multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 1500m in forest landscapes and vegetation ecosystems in Shan County of China. However, understanding leaves dry biomass of this species is difficult along elevation. This work explained that the relation between leaves dry biomass of this species and elevation is a significant positive connection from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01) as well as the links between leaves dry biomass of this species and elevation is a significant negative connection from 1000m to 1500m (P<0.01). This study provides six ecosystem types and a series of areas ecological adaptation for finding new medicinal species. Therefore, this study has vital theoretical and practical significance for medicinal plant protection along different elevation and environmental gradient.