ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a rising global health problem which requires continuous self-management practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. However, studies show that few diabetic patients practice the recommended self-management practices. This study aimed at assessing self-management practices among diabetic patients at Chilenje, Chawama and Kanyama First Level Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional analytical design was used for this study. The study population included all adult patients with diabetes mellitus who receive care at Chilenje, Chawama and Kanyama First Level Hospitals in Lusaka District. Fish bowl sampling without replacement was used to select participants and sample size calculated was 167. Data were collected using a structured interview guide adapted from the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v26.0 at 5% level of significance. Ethical clearance and permission to collect research data were sought and granted accordingly. Results: This study had a total 167 participants. Overall, the study observed that 122 (73%) patients reported poor self-management practices while only 45 (27%) reported good self-management. Unacceptable fasting glucose level ranges vs. acceptable fasting glucose level ranges (AOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.99) p- value = 0.049 and 5 – 9 years with diabetes vs. less than 5 years and more than 9 years with diabetes (AOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.95) p- value 0.039 were statistically significant predictors of poor self-management practices among diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study showed that majority of diabetic patients had poor self -management practices. The study further observed that patients with unacceptable fasting blood glucose level ranges and those with diabetes for 5 – 9 years were more likely to have poor self-management practices. ...

ABSTRACT
Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in Zambia accounting for 45% of all the deaths in under-five period (MoH Action Plan, 2022-2026). Zambia face a lifetime risk of 1 in 37 infants die in their first months of life with the neonatal mortality rate of 27 per 1000 live births (Zambia Statistical agency, 2019). The aim of this article is to determine risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis in Zambia. Appreciating these factors is critical for implementing effective measures in the prevention and improving neonatal health outcomes in Zambia. The risk factors of neonatal sepsis are classified into maternal, perinatal and neonatal factors drawing insights from recent studies conducted within the Zambian context.

ABSTRACT
Background: Physical and psychological impact of traumatic childbirth is often de-emphasized and under-reported, which may have profound implications on the mother’s general well-being. This systematic review examines the psychological and physical impacts of birth trauma on mothers, aiming to integrate existing research and identify gaps. Method: The study conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, selecting studies based on relevance and methodological quality. Meta-analyses were performed to pool data where possible. The review included ten studies highlighting that birth trauma is linked to significant psychological outcomes like PTSD, anxiety, and depression, and physical issues such as pelvic floor dysfunction and chronic pain. Results: The review found that there is lack of diversity in study populations, insufficient integration of physical and psychological impacts, and the coping mechanisms and interventions. The findings noted the necessity for a holistic approach to maternal care that addresses both psychological and physical aspects of birth trauma. Conclusion: This review highlighted the insufficient integration of psychological and physical impact of birth trauma to mothers. It calls for future research to adopt a more comprehensive approach, recognizing the interplay between mental and physical health outcomes. Furthermore, maternal healthcare systems should incorporate integrated interventions and support systems to address these multi-faceted impacts. Improved awareness and care models could significantly enhance maternal well-being and recovery after traumatic childbirth.

ABSTRACT
Adolescence is a phase of transition from childhood to adulthood. During this period that the adolescents acquire sexual and reproductive maturity. Health education given to adolescent girls helps build their knowledge, motivates them to improve and maintain their health, prevent diseases and reduce risky behaviours among them hence the study was done to assess the effectiveness of health education among rural adolescent girls. This study evaluated the efficacy of a reproductive health awareness program for adolescent girls in Bangalore, addressing critical topics like menstrual health, hygiene, and reproductive wellness. Using a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design, the research involved 100 college-going girls selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted using a validated knowledge questionnaire. Results showed a significant improvement in knowledge scores, with mean scores increasing by 23.1 (t = 33, p < 0.001), indicating a shift from inadequate to adequate understanding. Demographic factors, such as class, religion, and menstrual regularity, were correlated with knowledge levels. The study concluded that the awareness program effectively enhanced the knowledge of adolescent girls, underscoring the need for continued health education initiatives. These findings suggest that such programs are vital for empowering young women and improving their reproductive health awareness, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes in this demographic.

ABSTRACT
Background: Mobile addiction is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue among students, affecting their academic performance, social interactions, and overall health. One of the significant consequences of excessive mobile use is the negative impact on sleep quality, leading to various physical and psychological problems. Addressing these issues through educational interventions is crucial in improving students' well-being. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on mobile addiction patterns and sleep quality among students of Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangalore. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed. A total of [insert number] students were selected using convenient sampling techniques. The data was collected using a standardized questionnaire that measured mobile addiction patterns and sleep quality before and after the intervention. A structured teaching programme was developed, focusing on awareness, self-regulation, and the negative consequences of mobile addiction on sleep. The programme included lectures, group discussions, and interactive activities designed to improve awareness and encourage healthy mobile usage habits. Results: Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using [insert statistical tools]. The results indicated a significant reduction in mobile addiction patterns and an improvement in sleep quality among the students after the structured teaching programme. The findings suggest that educational interventions can positively impact students' mobile use habits and sleep health. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme effectively reduced mobile addiction and improved sleep quality among nursing students. The study highlights the need for ongoing educational efforts to raise awareness about mobile addiction and its impact on health. Future research should focus on long-term follow-up and the impact of similar interventions in other educational settings.

ABSTRACT
A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test design was used to study the effectiveness of drumstick leaves juice on haemoglobin levels in antenatal mothers. Sahli’s method assessed haemoglobin levels. In the experimental group, the mean pre-test haemoglobin score was 10.31, and the post-test score was 11.19. The calculated t-value (18.7) at 29 degrees of freedom (p < 0.05) indicated a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores, showing an increase in haemoglobin after consuming drumstick leaves juice. The control group’s post-test mean was 9.79, while the experimental group’s was 11.19, with a t-value of 1.963 at 58 degrees of freedom (p < 0.05). This confirmed that drumstick leaves juice effectively increased haemoglobin levels. The juice is both cost-effective and easy to use.

ABSTRACT
Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a critical, non-invasive method for early detection of breast abnormalities and plays a vital role in breast cancer awareness. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of Breast Self Examination among third-year B.Sc nursing students. As future healthcare providers, nursing students are in a strategic position to promote BSE education and practices among the general public. The study utilizes a structured questionnaire covering essential aspects of BSE, including its importance, recommended techniques, and frequency. By evaluating the students understanding of BSE, and aims to identify knowledge gaps. Descriptive approach was used to collect the data from 30 subjects selected by convenient sampling technique through non probability sampling approach consisting 2 sections. The results of the study shows that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge on breast self-examination and How-ever, continuous reinforcement of this knowledge through practical sessions and ongoing education can further enhance their proficiency. This above-average knowledge places them in a strong position to educate and for BSE awareness, contributing to early detection efforts and improved breast health outcomes. overall mean percentage of knowledge score is 10%.