ABSTRACT
This research aimed to assess the antioxidant capabilities against DPPH, as well as determine the overall phenolic and flavonoid contents in extracts of abrus precatorius leaves. Different extracts of abrus precatorius leaves were successively prepared using methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, and distilled water. The DPPH antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts was highest with a low IC50 value of 62.86±0.68µg/mL. Ethanol, water, and petroleum ether extracts also showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 89.66±0.51, 78.67±0.35, 142±4.26 μg/mL. We observed a significantly higher total phenolic content of 34.67± 2.52 gallic acid equivalent ⁄ g dry extract and total flavonoid content of 27.55±1.84 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract for methanolic leaves extract than others. The phenolic content of ethanol and water extract is close enough (22.19±1.45, 26.35±1.65 gallic acid equivalent ⁄ g dry extract). The flavonoid content of ethanol, water, and petroleum ether extract was found as 14.43±1.35, 20.84±1.97, 1.6±0.41 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract. These findings will aid in future studies attempting to explore medicinal agents from the abrus precatorius plants of Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT
Mothers during lactation may encounter barriers including the need of medication intake due to a chronic or acute illness, which may affect mainly the duration of breastfeeding. In these cases, the issue of medication safety during lactation arises and maternal decisions usually depend on professional counseling. Providing scientifically valid information on the benefits of breastfeeding and the risk of exposure of the newborn/infant to medicines through breast milk is a responsibility of healthcare professionals. Reliable sources on the compatibility of medicines with breastfeeding vary and the information among them is conflicting or even insufficient, creating as a consequence difficulty for healthcare professionals to provide counseling. Given the fact that breastfeeding mothers are excluded from clinical trials as they are considered a vulnerable population, the scientific community has turned to alternative methods based on pharmacokinetic population modeling for medication safety during lactation. In addition, through pharmacovigilance science, databases related to drug compatibility with breastfeeding can be enriched with new data. Undoubtedly, the contribution of midwives and other healthcare professionals involved in breastfeeding plays a key role in the pharmacovigilance process through the observation and reporting of side effects. In the Greek national healthcare system, telephone helplines have been established to provide information on medication safety during lactation. Finally, information is provided on the guiding principles for midwives and other healthcare professionals regarding medication safety in breastfeeding mothers. The ultimate goal is to support and prolong breastfeeding with evidence-based knowledge.

ABSTRACT
Multiple Sclerosis is an extremely frequent non-traumatic debilitating illness affecting youngsters. Multiple Sclerosis is becoming more common across the globe, as is the disease's economic effect. The fundamental etiology of Multiple Sclerosis plus the processes causing this rise remain unknown, yet complicated interactions between genes and the environment virtually definitely play an important part. The major source of injury in MS is swelling of the brain and spinal cord. The exact ingredients that cause this type of inflammation are unclear. According to research, environmental, genetic, and viral causes may all have a role in the onset of MS. MS statistics suggests that reduced blood vitamin D levels, cigarette smoking, obesity in kids, and Epstein-Barr virus infection all have a role in disease progression. Because of advancements in diagnostic procedures and standards, patients with MS can now be identified at a younger age. Along with this, the quantity, effectiveness, and danger of MS therapies have risen tremendously. The prospect of a 'pre-symptomatic MS' diagnosis, which might lead to the investigation of possible preventative therapies. MS epidemiological studies, probable aetiological variables, and pathogenesis are all reviewed throughout this detailed study prior proceeding on to therapeutic elements of MS diagnostic and therapy. Recent encouraging investigations of condition-modifying medications in progressive form of MS offer persons alongside severe MS the hope of slowing the progression of the disease while keeping residual functioning. It turns out that drugs appear to work at several stages of the illness's progression puts challenge on the traditional two-stage model of MS's inherent course.

ABSTRACT
As Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plays a critical role in the management of multiple disorders, the demand of its existence in the clinical therapeutics is crucial. Hence, in this study synthesis, characterisation, and biological evaluation of novel benzofuran derivatives were performed. All synthesized compounds were purified by successive recrystallization from the appropriate solvents. The purity of compounds was checked by the TLC (thin layer chromatography). The characterization was done based on MP (melting point) determination and its properties was examined through TLC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity of novel Benzofuran derivatives was estimated by rat paw oedema in vivo anti-inflammatory assay.

ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles (NPs) occupy a superior place among the recent approaches experimented to deliver drugs into brain by circumventing the BBB such as chemical modifications. The Emulsification PEG-PLGA nanoparticles carrying drug were made using the solvent evaporation method. In summary, PEG-PLGA was dissolved in acetone (50 mL) and PLGA was dissolved in PEG-PLGA (50:50, 7-11 mg/mL). The Chitosan-Avastin conjugates were created in the lab in accordance with the procedures and guidelines outlined in Chitosan (3.25 m mol) was hydrated in 1 N HCl, then the appropriate amount of distilled water was added. After adding NaOH (5N) to the reaction mixture to get the pH down to 5, Avastin (6.48 mmol) was added while the mixture was continuously stirred. In-vitro studies the basic aim is to check the effect of various drugs on various cancer cell lines. For testing purpose a large number of human cancer cell lines have been screened. Cells are cultivated in 96-well culture plates, and the rate of cell multiplication, which determines the rate of cell growth, is indirectly measured by the dye's color intensity, which is directly inversely proportional to the number of cells present. Using doses between 10 and 100 g/mL, the MTT test was performed to examine the cytotoxicity various polymer ratios and formulations on human lung cancer lines-A549. For the determination of the percentage of viability of various samples, the cancer cells without receiving therapy were utilized as the control.

ABSTRACT
Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) is a vital component of the health care system that provides diagnostic services and contributes to medical research. In India, MLS has been evolving rapidly in terms of technology, education, regulation, and quality. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of MLS in India, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities faced by the professionals and stakeholders involved in this field. The historical development and scope of MLS in India is described, highlighting the various roles and responsibilities of MLS professionals in different settings. Further, the current trends and innovations in MLS, such as molecular diagnostics, point-of-care testing, automation, and role of artificial intelligence are discussed. The major challenges and gaps are highlighted that need to be addressed to improve the quality, accessibility, affordability, and sustainability of MLS services and infrastructure in India, such as the lack of standardization, regulation, accreditation, recognition, training, and research. Moreover, the opportunities and initiatives that can enhance the capacity and contribution of MLS services in India are mentioned, such as the adoption of new technologies, innovations, and best practices; the strengthening of human resources, education, and collaboration; the development of ethical and legal frameworks; and the creation of an enabling environment for MLS innovation and adoption. The paper intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging landscape of MLS in India and to inspire further research and discussion on this topic.

ABSTRACT
Quercetin is a polyphenol derived from many fruits and vegetables which is known for its antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties. This comes under the class flavonoids. Polyphenols consists of many phenol structures in it and is not synthesized in the human body. These polyphenols exhibit its anti-oxidative effects by stimulating the anti-oxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Quercetin is present in many plant based substances such as onion, apple, broccoli, hypericum, cherries, green tea and etc. Quercetin as many therapeutic effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. It also plays significant role in many diseases and disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anxiety, depression, neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington’s disease and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, etc. Quercetin up regulates the enzyme Sirtuin 1, is an enzyme which is also present in many plant based substances. This Sirtuin 1 also plays a pivotal role in the many age-related diseases and disorders. The primary objective of this article is to study the therapeutic effects of quercetin and its role in controlling the major age-related diseases and disorders based on several studies. This article also highlights the potential bio enhancer property of quercetin in many class of drugs such as anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-fungal, anti-tuberculosis and anti-cancer drugs.