ABSTRACT
In 2020, an average of 6,700 newborn babies died every day globally within the first 28 days of life and majority of these deaths were preventable. Current evidence shows that a continuum of institutional and community health system initiatives will not only save the lives of neonates but also prevent disability. This study modelled the predictive effect of institutionalizing community health system on reducing neonatal deaths. The study used an embedded sequential mixed methods design (QUAN (qual)), utilizing a two-arm parallel groups cluster randomized controlled trial in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. The intervention group participated in modified women’s and men’s participatory learning and action groups and received community health initiatives focused on training village health workers in essential newborn care and strengthening community governance. The control group received standard Ministry of Health and Child Care initiatives. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, Stata, and machine learning techniques, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results indicated that the timing of neonatal death (χ² = 973, p < 0.0001), low birth weight less than 2,500g (χ² = 129.6, p < 0.0001), and women's literacy (χ² = 99.63, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with neonatal deaths. Fully functional community governance structures were linked with a reduced likelihood of neonatal death (ARR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.21-0.44) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.84. Predictive models achieved high accuracy rates, with random forest demonstrating exceptional results strengthening the argument that the community health system interventions influenced reducing neonatal deaths. In conclusion, prioritizing initiatives that enhance early antenatal care booking and strengthening community health systems can effectively reduce preventable neonatal deaths.

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the socio-cultural determinants influencing alcohol consumption among older people in Kounahiri. Based on accidental sampling, the study collected data via a questionnaire, analysed using Sphinx Lexica 4.5 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results show a correlation between level of education and the types of alcohol consumed: people with low levels of education prefer strong local alcohols (koutoukou, palm wine), while those with higher levels of education prefer wine and beer, revealing economic and cultural disparities. Alcohol consumption is essentially part of a social and ritual framework, structuring collective interactions during initiation ceremonies, funerals and festivities. This phenomenon illustrates a dynamic of cultural transmission in which alcohol, beyond its individual use, remains an essential vector of social cohesion and community identity.

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of leadership accountability on perceived levels of corruption in the procurement department in the judiciary of Kenya. The study utilized the concurrent triangulation design and targeted a population of 278 heads of procurement committees in 278 court stations of the Kenyan judiciary and key informants from six oversight organizations. From this population, a sample of 164 heads of procurement committees was selected using the stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Quantitative data was collected from the heads of procurement committees using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected by interviewing 12 key informants that were purposively selected from the six oversight organizations. The study found that leadership accountability has a statistically significant and negative effect on levels of corruption in the procurement departments in the Kenyan judiciary. Based on the findings, the study concludes that leadership accountability reduces levels of corruption in government procurement. The study recommends formulation of laws, policies and strategies aimed at improving the accountability of leaders in government procurement departments.

ABSTRACT
The study on the influence of family size on business studies students’ academic achievement in junior secondary school in Aba Education zone of Abia has 2 research questions and 2 hypotheses. The study used mix description. The population of the study was 9,487 while the sample was 382. Instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire and students’ academic achievement record. Test re- test method was used to establish the reliability of the study. Peason product moment correlation was used for data analysis and was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study reveals that family size has a significant influence on students’ academic achievement in business studies. Based on the findings of the study recommended that parents plan the number of children for proper monitoring for effective learning and for better academic achievement especially in business studies.

ABSTRACT
Coffee Production plays a significant role in Ethiopian economy, even though the productivity at farm level is among the lowest as compared to other coffee producing country. Soil degradation is one of the most challenging problems in coffee growing areas of Ethiopia. Declining of soil fertility is a fundamental problem to agricultural growth and a major reason for slow growth of food production. Therefore, this activity was designed to determine optimum application time of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizers under coffee growing areas and to assess the effects of temporal application effects of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizers on coffee yield and yield stability performance of coffee cultivar. The experiment was conducted with RCBD design with four replication and ten treatments settled from integrated organic and inorganic inputs at Awada Agricultural research sub-center starting from 2013-2023 for the last 10 consecutive years. The result demonstrated that, application of 200kgha-1N, 77kgha-1P and 12.5tonha-1 integrated nutrient application at each cropping season resulted statically significant higher yield result as compared to the other nutrient applications. The plot treated with the recommended NP + recommended decomposed coffee husk application per year (200kgha-1N, 77kgha-1P and 12.5ton ha-1) indicated over all yield advantage over the other plots by 22.07% or 345kg/ha of clean coffee yield over the recommended (200kgha-1N, 77kgha-1P) applied alone per year and 33.39% or 522kg/ha of clean coffee yield over the plots treated with recommended decomposed coffee husk (12.5ton ha-1) alone application per each cropping season.

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in Kambata tambaro Zone, centeral Ethiopia Region; with the general objective of assessing the livestock forage balance using cross-sectional study design from November 2018 to May 2019. For this study Three districts, namely Doyogana, Tambaro and Hadaro tunto were purposively selected from the study area. A total of six kebeles and 361 respondents were selected by random sampling technique from the study districts. Semi-structured questioners, focusedgroup discussion, key informant interview and personal observation were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS, version 23). Analysis of variance with Tukey test was used for mean comparison of the quantitative variables while chi-square test was employed for significance level of qualitative variables. Accordingly, the overall average landholding per respondent in Kambata tambaro was 1.79ha while the holding in the Hadaro, Tambaro and Doyogana found to be 1.86, 1.67, 1.80ha, respectively. The average livestock holding of a household in the Hadaro, Tambaro and Doyogana was 3.90, 4.06 and 4.56 TLU, respectively, with an overall average of 4.13 TLU. Households in the Doyoganadistricts possessed significantly larger (P<0.05) number of TLU than the households in the other two distircts while no significant difference (P>0.05) was reported amongdistricts in landholding size. The available feed sources ranked by the respondents in decreasing order includs straw, grazing land, hay, green fodder, maize and sorghum stover, bush and forest and concentrate. The overall average utilizable feed DM supply in the study area was estimated to be 4.74 ton with significantly higher (P<0.001) DM supply in the Hadaro (5.75 tons) than in the Tambaro (4.02 tons) and Doyogana (4.34 tons per respondent) areas. However, for year round feeding, the average DM demand of livestock in the Hadaro, Tambaro and Doyogana was 8.89, 9.26 and 10.41 tons per respondent, ..

ABSTRACT
The severity of land degradation due to different socioeconomic and biophysical pressures is a key problem encountered in watersheds. In addition, the lack of research-based references to a given community watershed, particularly with regard to socioeconomic and biophysical aspects, leads to the failure of the interventions. This study aimed to assess and characterize the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions of three selected (Oda Chefo, Wabe Seada, and Oda Nagelle) Community Watersheds of the Agarfa District of Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Furthermore, it identifies and prioritizes constraints and opportunities for scientists, planners, intervention, impact analysis, and project performance evaluation. Communities' watersheds were selected and delineated, followed by household interviews, focus group discussions, and biophysical characterization to generate data. The study used a random sampling technique and a total of 121 sample sizes for socioeconomic data, watershed delineation, slope classification, soil type, and LULC classification map developed based on the preliminary outlet identified with the help of GPS reading and ArcGIS 10.5 software. The socioeconomic parameters were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. The result of the baseline survey identified key constraints such as soil erosion, soil fertility decline, deforestation and climate change, feed and fodder shortage, livestock disease, human disease, unemployment, food insecurity, water shortage, lack of credit access, market, road, cooperatives, high input price, pest and disease, yield decline and lack of irrigation access. The results revealed that the availability of the labor force, local market accessibility, transport services, informal farmer cooperatives, livestock clinics, youth and women associations, and informal intuitions are the main opportunities in selected community watersheds. In conclusion, baseline surveying before any watershed management practice intervention plays ....