ABSTRACT
We all observe World Environment Day on June 5th every year. The issue of recycling cuts across many subjects. The entire process starts under the domain of agriculture. The real process involved comes under the domain of biotechnology. Once the product like a bio-decomposer is out, its use again comes under the umbrella of agriculture & horticulture. Consumption of the output falls under nutrition & its impact is felt in public health. To see the effectiveness of the process, the methods of research are adhered to. The article discusses the vagaries of the monsoon & discusses the importance of bio-decomposers to address these vagaries both at household & community level. The concept of kitchen garden, its cost effectiveness, process of formation of bio-decomposers and biotechnology involvement are described through the literature review mentioned in the article. The crux of the article is the case study of preparing a bio-decomposer, using the bio-decomposer for the plants or vegetables thus enriching them. Finally, the process of formation of soil by using the bio-decomposer on the used tea leaves & used flowers. On the top of it, using only dry cow dung & dry leaves as manures is the key.

ABSTRACT
Diabetes in children and adolescents is considered rare in Africa due to a lack of data. We conducted a retrospective analytical study for 12 years, based on patient records between 2010 and 2022, and analyzed the epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of patients. A total of 236 patients were enrolled, including 121 (51.48%) men and 114 (48.51%) women. The average age at the discovery of the disease was 16.29±5.39 years, ranging from 1 year to 19 years. The most represented age group was 10-20 years. The incidence rate was 2.43/10,000 inhabitants/year. The prevalence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Pointe-Noire was 0.20%. We observed 98.29% cases of T1D, 0.85% of secondary diabetes, 0.42% of T2D, and 0.42% cases of MODY. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most common cause of hospitalization (51.89%). Follow-up was regular for 43.82% of patients but marked by patients lost to follow-up (14.46%) and a significant number of deaths (18.72%). Better biological monitoring of our patients will prevent complications and improve care.

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of total PSA, free PSA and the ratio of free to total PSA in identifying prostate cancer. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from March 2019 to November 2021. Blood samples were analysed by sandwich ELISA and the ratio of free to total PSA (f/tPSA) was calculated. Prostate biopsies underwent histological analysis and the WHO 2012 Gleason Differentiation Score grading system was used. Results: 54 patients were selected; after histological examination 26 (48.15%) had prostate cancer (PCa) and 28 (51.85%) had Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (P<0.001). The mean total PSA (tPSA) of patients with PCa (26.1 ± 32.8 ng/ml) was higher than that of patients with BPH (9.64 ± 6.72 ng/ml) (p=0.019). The mean f/tPSA ratio of patients with PCa (14.3 ± 16.3%) was significantly lower than those with BPH (21.8 ± 19.3%). Gleason score was poorly differentiated in patients with tPSA < 4ng/ml and > 10ng/ml in 11.5% and 26.9% respectively. 61.5% of patients with f/tPSA <15% had SG≤6, SG=7 and SG ≥8 in 12.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% respectively. AUC/ROC was significantly higher for f/tPSA ratio (AUC, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.81) than for tPSA (AUC, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.77) and fPSA (AUC, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.65). Conclusion: Early diagnosis of prostate cancer requires the contribution of different PSA derivatives and the use of cut-off values.

ABSTRACT
Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a genetic disease resulting from an additional gain of chromosome 21. It predisposes to multiple pathologies including obesity, infections, diabetes, or hypothyroidism, responsible for various biological abnormalities. This work aimed to determine biochemical profile of congolese persons with Down syndrome, living in Brazzaville (Congo). The study was carried out on 25 persons with Down syndrome. They are cared for in four specialized centers for disabled children. The methodology was based on the determination of glycaemia, proteins and lipids by spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods. Globally, normal values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose (except for one person who had moderate hyperglycaemia), were observed. We noted an hyperlipidemia associated with low levels of HDL, LDL, albumin, and alpha 1 globulin. In Conclusion: there is a disturbance in biochemical profile in subjects with Down syndrome, which predispose to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and opportunistic infections.

ABSTRACT
Background: Male infertility affects 7% of males worldwide (i.e. 30 million of men). The diagnosis of the condition is based firstly on the semen analysis which can show various types of abnormalities. In Congo, data on male infertility are poor. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of male infertility in Brazzaville and to provide the profile of the semen parameters from a cohort of infertile men living at Brazzaville. Material and Methods: We studied semens of three hundred and forty-four (344) congolese men affected by infertility. The work was based on medical data to research medical history and the semen to performed the spermogram and spermocytogram in way to precise the sperm parameters, Results: The prevalence of male infertility found was 9% and the average age was 39 years old. Medical history highligts mostly the notion of chronic infection, varicoceles and surgery of the genital tract. The most identified sperm abnormalities were moderate asthenozoospermia followed by severe oligoasthenozoospermia and azoospermia. Conclusion: The prevalence shows that male infertility is not rare in Brazzaville. As the condition seemed to be related to the infectious, tumoral and professional causes, a complete investigation (based on sperm analysis, biochemical markers and genetic tests) is needed to clarify the etiologies.

ABSTRACT
A study was conducted on sixty-four (64) groundnut genotypes at Pawe northwestern part of Ethiopia. And the analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant variation among the tested groundnut genotypes. Cluster analysis showed the existence of five (5) divergent groups and the maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster (II) and cluster (V) D2=1419.77 and the shortest inter-cluster squared distance was found between cluster (I) and Cluster (III) D2=247.23. The first four principal components for (PCs) accounted for 70.03% of the total variation. Overall, the results of the current study depicted the presence of sufficient genetic diversity existed among tested groundnut genotypes for further use in breeding programs. However, a one-season experiment will not realize variability because quantitative traits are polygenic and highly influenced by the environment. So, further experiments must be conducted over location and seasons.

ABSTRACT
Bakreswar hot spring is a naturally occurring hot spring located at Birbhum district in West Bengal, India. The surface temperatures of the hot springs varies between 35°C to 66°C. The water of hot spring is alkaline with pH 9 and has curative properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections and in this study we used multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolate. The motive of the study is to compare the IL-10 and IFN-γ gene expression changes in Gallus gallus domesticus embryo infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the Bakreswar hot spring water.The curative properties of the hot spring water collected from Agnikund (65°C) was studied on 14thdays old chick eggs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After harvesting and allantoic fluid collection, RNA extraction was done and cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR were performed. After infection of the chick embryo with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both IL-10 and IFN-Ƴ gene expressions were increased, but in the curative sets those were challenged with Bakreswar hot spring water IL-10 and IFN- γ both gene expressions were decreased. From this study we may conclude that hot spring water of Bakreswar has antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to which it decreses the cytokine gene expressions.