ABSTRACT
Alginate, discovered in 1881 by British chemist E.C.C. Stanford, is a polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. Since its introduction into dentistry in 1940, it has been used as an impression material due to its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, which allow dimensional changes during impression and solidification. For optimal impression, type 3 plaster is recommended, which presents lower expansion and longer setting time, ensuring dimensional accuracy. In addition, the stability of the dental model is crucial, including mechanical and dimensional strength. Plastic and metal trays offer different advantages and disadvantages in impression taking. 126 plaster models made with 9 brands of alginates were reviewed: Super Gayz, Kromopan, Tulip, Cavex CA37, Alginoplast, Tropicalgin, Tulip Color Switch, Max Print Cyan and Biogel. The models were divided into three groups according to the type of tray: perforated plastic, perforated metal and smooth Rim Lock type. Each group was evaluated by gelation tests with room temperature water and cold water (4°C), using plaster types 2 and 3, and either removing the plaster immediately or after waiting 4 minutes. The distance between the central development groove of the lower left first molar and the central development groove of the lower right first molar was measured as 44.16 mm. When analyzing the perforated plastic trays with plaster types 2 and 3, the brands Super Gayz, Kromopan, Tulip, and others maintained an average of 44.15 mm with plaster type 2 and 44.15 mm with plaster type 3, showing consistent results in dimensional accuracy.

ABSTRACT
Dental anxiety, or dental phobia, is a widespread issue that prevents many individuals from seeking necessary dental care, leading to potential oral health problems. The roots of dental anxiety often include fear of pain, needles, helplessness in the dental chair, concerns about appearance, and past negative experiences. Sensory stimuli such as noise, smell, and touch can also heighten discomfort during dental visits. This article explores the multifaceted nature of dental anxiety and presents strategies to alleviate it, emphasizing the importance of a patient-centered approach. By engaging all five senses—taste, smell, sight, sound, and touch—dentists can create a calming and supportive environment that helps reduce anxiety. These sensory interventions, combined with clear communication, empathy, and appropriate medications, have the potential to reduce anxiety and improve the overall patient experience. Understanding the neurological basis of anxiety, including the role of the amygdala and other brain regions, offers insight into how sensory stimulation can modulate emotional responses and promote relaxation. Ultimately, fostering a positive, patient-centered dental environment enhances comfort, trust, and satisfaction, leading to better oral health outcomes and an improved patient experience.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chronic gingival diseases are primarily caused by microorganisms present in dentobacterial plaque, which can be controlled through mechanical methods like brushing or chemically using mouthwashes. The Autonomous University of Baja California has developed a chitosan-based molecule enriched with colloidal silver nanoparticles (EPX® Biomolecule), which acts as an antiseptic and is administered topically. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EPX® Biomolecule mouthwash in the treatment of chronic gingivitis. Methods: An experimental study, phase I clinical trial, was conducted involving a randomized sample of 50 adult patients diagnosed with chronic gingivitis, treated at the Santé Dental Clinic from January to December 2022, following the acquisition of informed consent. The study comprised a case group of 25 patients treated with EPX® Biomolecule mouthwash, compared against a control group of 25 patients receiving 2% chlorhexidine oral rinse. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The majority of participants were women (54%), under 30 years of age (92%), students (58%), and had completed high school (82%). At 15 days, both treatments exhibited similar effects; however, chlorhexidine showed a marginally better response at 30 days, which was statistically significant for the Gingival Index (p = 0.01) and the Hemorrhagic Index (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in dentobacterial plaque levels, although adverse reactions were noted with chlorhexidine. Conclusions: Both treatments effectively reduced bleeding and gingival edema, with chlorhexidine demonstrating improved outcomes at 30 days. There were no differences in plaque control, and an isolated adverse reaction was associated with chlorhexidine.

ABSTRACT
In modern dentistry, the development of intelligent dental materials marks a significant innovation aimed at enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes. These materials, which dynamically respond to changes in the oral environment, include self-healing dental fillings, antibacterial properties, color-changing indicators for early decay detection, biocompatible implants, and temperature-sensitive prosthetics. This paper explores various categories of intelligent dental materials, emphasizing their potential to improve restoration longevity, promote oral health, enhance patient comfort, and facilitate early intervention. As ongoing research continues to refine these innovations, intelligent dental materials promise to revolutionize dental practices and patient experiences, paving the way for a new era of preventive and restorative dentistry.

ABSTRACT
Tooth agenesis, particularly the bilateral absence of maxillary lateral incisors, is a prevalent condition with notable aesthetic and functional implications. This anomaly, impacting approximately 62% of individuals with genetic predisposition, poses significant challenges in both orthodontics and prosthetic rehabilitation. The treatment of bilateral congenital lateral incisor agenesis is a multidisciplinary approach that requires a thorough clinical examination. Implant-based solutions face challenges due to narrow alveolar dimensions and adjacent root orientations. Successful implant placement often requires pre-treatment orthodontic space creation, ridge augmentation, and careful timing to accommodate continued alveolar growth. Advanced orthodontic techniques and precise implant placement protocols are critical for achieving optimal outcomes. This case report illustrates a time-sequenced interdisciplinary approach combining mesialization of canines with space opening and implant-supported rehabilitation. An interdisciplinary approach, leveraging advancements in orthodontics, implantology, and digital prosthetics, is essential for successful outcomes.

ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Dental health education for mothers is very important in maintaining the dental health of preschool children. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were limitations in the direct education process, so it is very important to conduct online dental health education. Purpose: This study purpose to compare the effectiveness of dental health education with audiovisual media, modules, and posters given online through Whatsapp media in improving the behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) of mothers in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Methods: Research subjects were determined by consecutive sampling according to those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total 73 subject of this study divided into three group intervention, 21 subjects in poster group, 23 subjects in modules group and 29 subjects in audiovisual group. The intervention was carried out by providing posters, modules, and videos of children's dental health education through online discussions in the Whatsapp group. Questionnaires were given before the intervention (pre-test), two weeks (post-test 1) and four weeks after the intervention (post-test 2). Results: Online dental health education with posters, modules and audiovisuals is effective in improving mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Audiovisual and module method are more effective than poster to improve mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children (p<0,001). Conclusion: Dental health education online with audiovisual media has the best effectiveness in improving maternal behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children.

ABSTRACT
Odontogenic perimandibular cellulitis are infections spreading into the celluloadipose tissues of the compartments of the perimandibular region. Promoted by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They constitute an emergency for patients and especially pregnant women, because they are the cause of serious complications, which can endanger the maternal-fetal prognosis. To study the contributing factors, complications and management of odontogenic perimandibular cellulitis in pregnant women. Patients and method: This is a retrospective, descriptive and single-center study, focusing on patients hospitalized in the CMF Stomatology department from April 2022 to April 2024. The sources of information were the department registers and patient files. The study population, odontogenic cervico-facial cellulitis in pregnant women, included all patients with odontogenic perimandibular cellulitis during pregnancy; other locations were not included. The study parameters were age, history, contributing factors, maternal-fetal complication and treatment. Results: The study concerns five pregnant women. The average age was twenty-five years, two were carriers of HIV retrovirosis. They had all taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, two were in the first trimester of pregnancy and three in the second trimester. All patients had diffuse perimandibular cellulitis, with cervical diffusion. Non-obstetric complications were dysphagia associated with odynophagia and obstetric complications were one threat of premature delivery. The treatment was medical-surgical. Conclusion: Odontogenic perimandibular cellulitis is more common in pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. They are favored by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The maternal-fetal complications found are dysphagia, odynophagia and a threat of premature delivery.