ABSTRACT
Post and core buildups are important for damaged or endodontically stabilized teeth. Zirconia is a common material for these restorations due to its exceptional mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetic appeal. This study presents a case of a 47-year-old female patient, where the tooth was reconstructed and improved its appearance using zirconia bars and implants and was fabricated using Exocad software exactly as it was done in that process. Although zirconia offers impressive advantages, including durability and natural appearance, it presents challenges such as high cost and possible cracking risks. Studies establish how effective zirconia is at emphasizing the restoration of integrity while acknowledging its limitations.

ABSTRACT
Background: The preschool age is an important period for oral health because all deciduous teeth have erupted. They are vulnerable to dental and oral diseases as they still require assistance and guidance from parents in maintaining oral hygiene. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children in the agricultural area of Jember, Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among preschool children and their parents in the Jelbuk subdistrict, Jember regency, East Java province, Indonesia. A total of 260 mothers and their children were involved in this study. The sampling method employed was cluster sampling. The parents' role is assessed by filling out a questionnaire sheet and examining oral hygiene status in children using the Debris Index (DI). A Spearman test was performed to find the association of parent roles in the oral hygiene status of preschool children. Results: The role of parents showed that 66.2% of parents were highly involved. The mean of DI was 0.79, which was categorized as moderate. There is a significant correlation between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Parents have an important role in maintaining the oral health of preschool children.

ABSTRACT
Aim: This systematic review aims to qualitatively synthesize available evidence on the effect of the smear layer (SL) on the adhesion of bioceramic root canal sealers to dentin. Methods: An advanced literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane, targeting in vitro studies on human teeth published between January 2013 and January 2024, in English. Results: The search yielded 479 articles where 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Data were collected according to the number of teeth studied, canal preparation, smear layer removal methods, adhesion tests, and sealer types. The review found no consensus on the SL's impact on the adhesion and sealing ability of bioceramic sealers. While MTA-based sealers showed improved adhesion due to the SL's role in forming an interfacial layer, calcium silicate-based sealers either experienced reduced adhesion or were unaffected by the SL. Conclusion: The effect of the smear layer on bioceramic sealer adhesion remains unclear, with variations depending on sealer type, smear layer properties, and irrigants used. For MTA-based sealers, the smear layer plays a significant role in enhancing adhesion. Further research is needed to clarify these interactions.

ABSTRACT
Trauma in the oral mucosa due to orthodontic apparatus can be present at any stage of the treatment and must be considered a latent risk of the latter. Therefore, mucosa must be frequently examined to ensure that the apparatus isn't causing damage that, in some cases, may be irreversible. It is essential for a dentist to recognize oral lesions such as mucocele visually and to bring the proper treatment to the patient. The dentist must inform the patient of the risks present during orthodontic treatment and perform the pertinent and periodic examination of the oral mucosa to avoid unnecessary discomfort to the patient and deflect any distrust that may arise on dental treatment as a whole. This paper reports a case of mucocele in a teen in the late stages of orthodontic treatment and a 15-year-old patient with a previous report of mucocele that had been removed but showed signs of recidivism. Both lesions were treated by surgical removal, and no further recidivism was reported.

ABSTRACT
Background: In dental prosthetics many advances have been achieved, but the great problem is still having with us: that is the resorption of the residual alveolar ridge and managing or preventing the secondary soft tissue changes brought on by bone loss. Objective: To evaluate the rate of resorption of alveolar ridge height of maxillary anterior arch in patients treated with immediate partial denture. Materials and Methods: This observational comparative study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for the duration of one year. On the basis of inclusion criteria patients were initially included in the study. A written informed consent was obtained from every patient. Study sample divided equally into two groups, Group A and Group B. Each group consists of 15 patients. Group A patients were treated with extraction of teeth followed by immediate denture prosthesis and group B patients were treated with extraction of teeth, but not provided by any prosthesis. Data were collected on the basis of alveolar bone resorption in the period of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of extraction on a predesigned data collection sheet. Results: Mean vertical height at one month follow up was 25.48 (±2.41) mm in group A and 23.43 (±2.85) mm in group B which was statistically significant. Mean vertical height at three month follow up was 23 (±1.33) mm in group A and 22 (±2.99) mm in group B which was statistically significant. Mean vertical height of alveolar bone at six month follow up was 22.5 (±2.71) mm in group A and 21.5 (±3.18) mm in group B which was also statistically significant. Conclusion: Patient treated with immediate partial denture following extraction of teeth shows less alveolar bone resorption than patients treated without immediate partial denture.

ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, primarily due to bacterial infection and immune response. The ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) model is commonly used to replicate this condition in experimental settings, facilitating the study of inflammation and bone loss as well as testing therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to establish an experimental ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice and evaluate the extent of alveolar bone loss over a 10-day period and discuss advantages and limitations. Eight 10-week-old pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=4) with ligature placement and a control group (n=4) without ligature. Under sedation, a silk suture (6-0) ligature was placed around the maxillary second molar (M2) of the experimental group to induce bacterial accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bone resorption over 10 days. Bone resorption was confirmed through microscopic analysis. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. The average distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was greater in the ligature group, while no bone loss was observed in the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated a clear correlation between the experimental conditions and outcomes, highlighting the murine periodontitis model as a valuable tool for studying inflammatory conditions. These findings offer insights into bone loss mechanisms and may aid in developing targeted therapies for bone resorption in periodontitis.

ABSTRACT
Alginate, discovered in 1881 by British chemist E.C.C. Stanford, is a polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. Since its introduction into dentistry in 1940, it has been used as an impression material due to its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, which allow dimensional changes during impression and solidification. For optimal impression, type 3 plaster is recommended, which presents lower expansion and longer setting time, ensuring dimensional accuracy. In addition, the stability of the dental model is crucial, including mechanical and dimensional strength. Plastic and metal trays offer different advantages and disadvantages in impression taking. 126 plaster models made with 9 brands of alginates were reviewed: Super Gayz, Kromopan, Tulip, Cavex CA37, Alginoplast, Tropicalgin, Tulip Color Switch, Max Print Cyan and Biogel. The models were divided into three groups according to the type of tray: perforated plastic, perforated metal and smooth Rim Lock type. Each group was evaluated by gelation tests with room temperature water and cold water (4°C), using plaster types 2 and 3, and either removing the plaster immediately or after waiting 4 minutes. The distance between the central development groove of the lower left first molar and the central development groove of the lower right first molar was measured as 44.16 mm. When analyzing the perforated plastic trays with plaster types 2 and 3, the brands Super Gayz, Kromopan, Tulip, and others maintained an average of 44.15 mm with plaster type 2 and 44.15 mm with plaster type 3, showing consistent results in dimensional accuracy.