ABSTRACT
Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma (COF) is a rare benign tumor of the jaw characterized by the formation of cementum and bone-like tissue, often arising from the periodontal ligament. This article presents two clinical cases that illustrate the complexities of diagnosing and managing COF. The first case involves a 30-year-old male with a painless, progressively enlarging swelling in the left mandible, diagnosed through panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Surgical intervention included mandibular resection and reconstruction using an iliac graft. The second case features a 26-year-old female presenting with a non-painful swelling in the right mandibular premolar region, which was also confirmed via imaging studies. Complete surgical resection was performed, and histopathological examination validated the diagnosis of COF. Both cases highlight the importance of accurate diagnostic imaging and histological analysis in confirming COF, as well as the need for individualized surgical approaches based on lesion characteristics. Despite its benign nature, COF can lead to significant morbidity due to local invasion and recurrence potential. The article emphasizes that thorough follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence after surgical management. These cases contribute to the understanding of COF's clinical presentation and reinforce the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach in managing this condition effectively. Further research is needed to explore the underlying pathogenesis and optimize treatment strategies for COF in clinical practice.

ABSTRACT
Background: This study aims to compare the condylar position in Mexican population with the values of Ikeda Spatial Condyle Analysis with different sagittal skeletal pattern, age and sex using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Objective: To evaluate the condyle-fossa relationship in patients with skeletal patterns and sex using Ikeda Spatial Condyle Analysis assessed with CBCT. Materials and Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study, 86 condyles CBCT images were used for this study (August 2023- December 2024). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to 3 criteria: age (12-60 years old with intervals of 5 years); sex (female and male); and skeletal pattern as ANB classification (Class I, Class II, and Class III). Temporomandibular joint space (TMJS): (SAS, sagittal anterior space; SSS, sagittal superior space; SPS, sagittal posterior space; CMS, coronal medial space; CLS, coronal lateral space and CCS, coronal central space) were measured and compared. Statistical analyses were performed using two-sample T test, Mu Test, and Anderson- Darling probability test (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of the participants (n = 43) was 30.9 ± 10.9 years (62.7% female). Differences in condyle-fossa relationships were significantly different between Mexican population and Ikeda Condyle Analysis values (p < 0.05). The mean values showed no statistical differences according to sex or sagittal skeletal pattern. The sagittal measurements showed the mean ratio of SAS (2.1+/- 0.6), SSS and SPS (2.5+/-0.7) and (1.8+/- 0.5), respectively. The coronal measurements showed the mean ratio of CMS (2.3+/- 0.7), CCS and CLS (2.5+/- 0.8) and (2.1+/- 0.6), respectively. Conclusions: The Mexican tridimensional condylar position showed significant differences compared with the Ikeda condylar position. These results can be associated to racial anatomical differences. The condyle-fossa relationship values for skeletal pattern; Left / Right condyles and sex, showed ..

ABSTRACT
Post and core buildups are important for damaged or endodontically stabilized teeth. Zirconia is a common material for these restorations due to its exceptional mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetic appeal. This study presents a case of a 47-year-old female patient, where the tooth was reconstructed and improved its appearance using zirconia bars and implants and was fabricated using Exocad software exactly as it was done in that process. Although zirconia offers impressive advantages, including durability and natural appearance, it presents challenges such as high cost and possible cracking risks. Studies establish how effective zirconia is at emphasizing the restoration of integrity while acknowledging its limitations.

ABSTRACT
Background: The preschool age is an important period for oral health because all deciduous teeth have erupted. They are vulnerable to dental and oral diseases as they still require assistance and guidance from parents in maintaining oral hygiene. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children in the agricultural area of Jember, Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among preschool children and their parents in the Jelbuk subdistrict, Jember regency, East Java province, Indonesia. A total of 260 mothers and their children were involved in this study. The sampling method employed was cluster sampling. The parents' role is assessed by filling out a questionnaire sheet and examining oral hygiene status in children using the Debris Index (DI). A Spearman test was performed to find the association of parent roles in the oral hygiene status of preschool children. Results: The role of parents showed that 66.2% of parents were highly involved. The mean of DI was 0.79, which was categorized as moderate. There is a significant correlation between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Parents have an important role in maintaining the oral health of preschool children.

ABSTRACT
Aim: This systematic review aims to qualitatively synthesize available evidence on the effect of the smear layer (SL) on the adhesion of bioceramic root canal sealers to dentin. Methods: An advanced literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane, targeting in vitro studies on human teeth published between January 2013 and January 2024, in English. Results: The search yielded 479 articles where 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Data were collected according to the number of teeth studied, canal preparation, smear layer removal methods, adhesion tests, and sealer types. The review found no consensus on the SL's impact on the adhesion and sealing ability of bioceramic sealers. While MTA-based sealers showed improved adhesion due to the SL's role in forming an interfacial layer, calcium silicate-based sealers either experienced reduced adhesion or were unaffected by the SL. Conclusion: The effect of the smear layer on bioceramic sealer adhesion remains unclear, with variations depending on sealer type, smear layer properties, and irrigants used. For MTA-based sealers, the smear layer plays a significant role in enhancing adhesion. Further research is needed to clarify these interactions.

ABSTRACT
Trauma in the oral mucosa due to orthodontic apparatus can be present at any stage of the treatment and must be considered a latent risk of the latter. Therefore, mucosa must be frequently examined to ensure that the apparatus isn't causing damage that, in some cases, may be irreversible. It is essential for a dentist to recognize oral lesions such as mucocele visually and to bring the proper treatment to the patient. The dentist must inform the patient of the risks present during orthodontic treatment and perform the pertinent and periodic examination of the oral mucosa to avoid unnecessary discomfort to the patient and deflect any distrust that may arise on dental treatment as a whole. This paper reports a case of mucocele in a teen in the late stages of orthodontic treatment and a 15-year-old patient with a previous report of mucocele that had been removed but showed signs of recidivism. Both lesions were treated by surgical removal, and no further recidivism was reported.

ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, primarily due to bacterial infection and immune response. The ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) model is commonly used to replicate this condition in experimental settings, facilitating the study of inflammation and bone loss as well as testing therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to establish an experimental ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice and evaluate the extent of alveolar bone loss over a 10-day period and discuss advantages and limitations. Eight 10-week-old pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=4) with ligature placement and a control group (n=4) without ligature. Under sedation, a silk suture (6-0) ligature was placed around the maxillary second molar (M2) of the experimental group to induce bacterial accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bone resorption over 10 days. Bone resorption was confirmed through microscopic analysis. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. The average distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was greater in the ligature group, while no bone loss was observed in the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated a clear correlation between the experimental conditions and outcomes, highlighting the murine periodontitis model as a valuable tool for studying inflammatory conditions. These findings offer insights into bone loss mechanisms and may aid in developing targeted therapies for bone resorption in periodontitis.