ABSTRACT
Road infrastructure underpins community mobility, economic activity, and public-service delivery, yet road-maintenance implementation continues to face fragmented data management, delayed condition updates, and weak support for evidence-based decision-making. This study analyzes the implementation of the SI KOI JANTAN database application (Sistem Informasi, Kondisi Jalan dan Jembatan) in improving road-maintenance data governance at the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning of Blitar Regency, Indonesia, and its effectiveness in strengthening decision-making and reporting accountability under Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 13/PRT/M/2011. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with six purposively selected informants, comprising agency leadership, technical officials, the application operator, field personnel, and a road-user community member, together with observation and documentation, and analyzed using George C. Edward III's policy implementation model, comprising communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, complemented by New Public Management and Good Governance perspectives. The findings show that SI KOI JANTAN has meaningfully improved data-management effectiveness through systematic road-condition recording, damage identification, maintenance prioritization, work monitoring, and reporting, marking a transition from manual to data-driven governance. Internal communication and coordination functioned effectively; resources and institutional support proved generally adequate, though human-resource capacity and technology infrastructure required further strengthening; implementers demonstrated positive commitment despite initial adaptation difficulty; and bureaucratic structure supported implementation, though cross-sector integration and standard operating procedures needed continued refinement. The study concludes that SI KOI JANTAN has become an important in

ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the effectiveness of population administration services in Boven Digoel Regency based on Regent Regulation No. 59 of 2016. Utilizing a mixed-methods descriptive-evaluative approach, the research applied William N. Dunn’s six evaluation criteria through interviews, document reviews, and a survey of service users. The findings reveal an overall service index of 74.03, categorizing the implementation as effective. Specifically, the criteria of effectiveness, adequacy, responsiveness, and appropriateness were rated as effective. However, efficiency and equity were deemed less effective. While core administrative functions operate robustly, significant implementation gaps persist. These challenges include high indirect costs for citizens, repetitive visits, network disruptions, a lack of alternative procedures during system failures, and severe access inequalities for residents in remote areas. To address these spatial and operational disparities, the study recommends reactivating scheduled mobile services (jemput bola), empowering district and village governments to facilitate administration, and establishing robust contingency procedures during service disruptions.

ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the role of the Secretary of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) in implementing Malang Mayor Regulation Number 23 of 2016 on Work Culture Guidelines. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation at the DPRD Secretariat of Malang City. The implementation was evaluated using George C. Edward III's policy implementation model. The findings demonstrate that the Secretary plays a strategic role in fostering work culture through exemplary leadership, continuous mentoring, and effective communication. The policy implementation is generally supported by clear standard operating procedures (SOPs), adequate facilities, and a positive implementer disposition. However, several inhibiting factors remain. These include unequal employee competencies, the adaptation process for staff transitioning to PPPK status, fluctuating legislative workloads, and latent role conflict stemming from the Secretary's dual accountability to both the DPRD and the Mayor. The study concludes that optimizing work culture requires continuous mentoring, strengthened human-resource capacity, and enhanced inter-divisional coordination.

ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of equity financing on the financial performance of Licensed Microfinance Institutions in Kenya. Over the past few decades, microfinance has emerged as one of the effective sources of finance for socio-economic development in the world and is recognized as an essential tool of financial inclusion. However, the magnitude and the real socio-economic impact of MFIs are still debatable. A significant body of empirical research has questioned the ability of MFIs in the alleviation of poverty and reported their limited impacts on the ownership of assets and consumption. The theories used in this study were Stakeholder Theory and Capital Structure Theory. This study adopted both descriptive research design and correlational research design. The target population comprised of 13 LMFIs. Out of 192 respondents in the target population, 52 respondents were selected. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to sample. Primary data were obtained directly from respondents using a closed and open-ended questionnaire. This data was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlations and regression analyses). Reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha test at a minimum threshold of 0.7. This data was analysed using multiple regression models. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics version 27 was used in analysing correlations amongst the variables. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that equity financing significantly influenced the financial performance of Licensed Microfinance Institutions in Kenya. Therefore, this study recommends that for Licensed Microfinance Institutions to remain financially stable, Kenya Association of MFIs should formulate policies that would ensure all MFIs have a sound system of sourcing for their smooth running. This study further recommends that Licensed Microfinance Institutions should have alternative measures to stem any financial risks which wou

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Government Employee with Work Agreement (PPPK) policy as part of public sector reform in the Malang Regency Government. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study methodology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving officials from the Civil Service and Human Resource Development Agency (BKPSDM) and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model within the policy implementation framework proposed by Mazmanian and Sabatier. The results indicate that the implementation of the PPPK policy proceeded through four main stages: planning civil service needs, setting recruitment priorities, conducting recruitment and selection via a digital system, and managing factors that support and hinder implementation. The success of the implementation was supported by local government commitment, institutional capacity, interagency coordination, and the utilization of digital systems, while local fiscal constraints, changes in central government policy, and administrative obstacles remained the main challenges. This study concludes that the effectiveness of PPPK policy implementation is determined not only by compliance with regulations but also by the quality of civil service workforce planning, the establishment of objective priorities, and organizational capacity in managing the dynamics of policy implementation. These findings contribute to the development of research on policy implementation and civil service management reform at the local government level.

ABSTRACT
This study examined the influence of hospital service quality on patient patronage among private hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated the relationships between empathy and responsiveness as dimensions of hospital service quality and patient patronage measured through patient retention and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WoM). A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The study covered 230 management and senior healthcare personnel, including hospital administrators, medical directors, nursing managers and departmental heads, drawn from registered private hospitals in Port Harcourt. A census approach was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated measurement scales. Face and content validity were established through expert review, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeding the recommended threshold. Data were analysed using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient at the 5% level of significance. The findings revealed that empathy has a strong positive and statistically significant relationship with patient retention (ρ = 0.801, p < 0.05) and electronic word-of-mouth (ρ = 0.728, p < 0.05). Similarly, responsiveness exhibited significant positive relationships with patient retention (ρ = 0.657, p < 0.05) and electronic word-of-mouth (ρ = 0.778, p < 0.05). These results indicate that compassionate, individualized attention and prompt, responsive healthcare services significantly enhance patients' willingness to continue patronizing private hospitals and recommend them through digital communication channels. Hospital managers should institutionalize empathy-driven service culture, improve responsiveness through streamlined service delivery, and integrate service quality indicators into performance management systems to strengthen patient retention and stimulate positive electronic word-of-mouth.

ABSTRACT
Increasing demands for transparency and sustainability have prompted companies to shift from conventional financial reporting to integrated reporting, which can explain the value creation process more comprehensively. This study aims to analyze the influence of corporate governance and stakeholder power on firm value and to test the role of integrated reporting quality as a mediating mechanism. Stakeholder power is broken down into the power of shareholders, the government, creditors, and customers to capture the heterogeneity of external pressures on corporate reporting practices. The study employs an explanatory quantitative approach using panel data from companies consistently listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange’s LQ45 index during the 2020–2024 period. Based on purposive sampling, 23 companies with a total of 115 observations were selected. Firm value was proxied using Tobin’s Q, while the quality of integrated reporting was measured using the Integrated Reporting Disclosure Index (IRDI) based on the Integrated Reporting framework. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with EViews 13, with profitability as a control variable. [Insert 2–3 sentences summarizing the main results of the direct and mediation tests]. The research findings are expected to expand Agency Theory and Stakeholder Theory by demonstrating that corporate value creation is determined not only by governance mechanisms and direct stakeholder pressure but also through a company’s ability to translate these mechanisms into credible integrated information for the market.