ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased blood glucose level resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a greater probability of developing various oral mucosal disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of various mucosal lesions in the oral cavity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross – sectional study involved 1000 patients aged between 30 – 77 years who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla. The most commonly occurring manifestations were Periodontitis, Fissured Tongue, Xerostomia, Candidiasis and Burning Mouth Syndrome.

ABSTRACT
CRP is currently regarded as a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Several studies have examined the relationship between periodontitis and CRP using various designs including observational, cross-sectional (case– control) and longitudinal studies. Most studies to date have evaluated C-reactive proteins levels in patients with chronic periodontitis but few have investigated C-reactive protein levels in subjects with aggressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of serum C-reactive proteins in aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis and to assess if their levels vary among the two types of periodontitis in comparison to healthy subjects.Methods: A total of 90 systemically healthy patients in the age group of 25-50 years were taken up for the study. Based on probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), they were allotted equally into 3 groups: Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis (Group A); Chronic Generalized Periodontitis (Group B); Healthy controls (Group C). Clinical examinations together with quantitative determination of CRP was done using highly sensitive Immunoturbidometric method on the 3 groups A, B, C

ABSTRACT
The reference values used in cephalometry to determine the orthodontic treatment to be realized are mostly of Caucasian origin. In Cameroon, the need for care is growing; but little information is available in cephalometry. Should we treat with imported cephalometric standards? To answer this question, we conducted this study in order to determine the cranio-facial morphological characteristics of a sample of Cameroonian subjects in the Yaounde Central hospital having high health standard in Cameroon.Methodology: We carried out an analytical study at the Yaoundé Central Hospital from January to March 2016, on scoutviewscanographic imagesof patients, aged 20 to 50 years. 15 cephalometric variables were measured and their mean values and standard deviation calculated. To determine the reference values, we used indicator means with their 95% confidence interval as the best estimator of our population measures. Results: We included 80 subjects of with an average age was 32.3years. Cameroonian subjects have sex differences only for SNB and SND measures that were higher in men. Compared with Caucasian values according to Steiner, Cameroonian population had a protrusive dento-alveolar structure with higher average values except for inter-incisal angles 119.3º and SND 78.8° which showed a lower value against 1310 and 790 for Steiner

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of significant radiographic findings in edentulous jaws and analysis of those findings for age, sex and location of their occurrence by the panoramic radiograph taken before denture fabrication. Materials and methods: 170 edentulous patients were randomly selected who are without any clinical signs and symptoms of pain or any infection. Panoramic radiograph of all samples were taken and evaluated for findings like root stumps, impacted teeth, radiolucencies, radiopacities, and also the space between the alveolar crest and maxillary sinus and mental foramen. The findings were then analyzed for the sex and region of their occurrence.Results: out of 170 patients 68 (40%) showed positive radiographic findings. Out of 40% (n=68), 22.05% (n=15) patients had one or more remaining root fragments, 11.76% (n=8) had impacted teeth, 4.41% (n=3) demonstrated radiopacities, 2.94% (n=2) demonstrated radiolucencies, 27.94% (n=19) mental foramina was near the crest of the residual alveolar ridge, 39.88% (n=21) maxillary sinus was close the crest of the residual alveolar ridge. Application of the Chi-square test has shown that root fragments, maxillary sinus and mental foramen was a highly significant entity in comparison to the other entities.Conclusion: Considering all the above factors, panoramic radiographic evaluation done prior to denture fabrication gives the better treatment outcome. Rather than facing the problems after treatment it is better to evaluate before treatment which reduces patient’s discomforts after denture insertion.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release and tensile strength of a heat cured denture base resin, which was surface treated with sodium fluoride. Methods: Total 40 rectangular specimens of poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin were used in this study. Out of these, 20 resin specimens fabricated without sodium fluoride (NaF), were termed as group I, and remaining 20 specimens fabricated with 20wt% of NaF, termed as group II. All the specimens were stored individually in 10ml distilled water. From each of the specimens, 5ml water was taken to measure the fluoride release, at the time interval of 1hour, 1day and 3days. After 3days, the same specimens were used to measure the tensile strength.Results: There was maximum fluoride release at 1 hour and minimum at 3 days. Maximum decrease in fluoride release was observed between 1 hr and 3 days and minimum between 1 day and 3 day. All the three comparisons showed significant change (p<0.001).Conclusions: Heat-polymerizing denture base resin containing NaF filler releases significant amounts of fluoride and can act as a fluoride reservoir in the oral cavity.Clinical significance: There are numerous examples in dentistry where demineralization, or even frank caries, develops near or in association with restorative or prosthetic materials. A slow-release source of fluoride could help to prevent these problems and provide added protection throughout the mouth.

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One of the foremost characteristic of human dentition is the dental arch form. In due course of orthodontic treatment, it's crucial to know each individual dental arch pattern for diagnosis and treatment planning and one should always try to preserve it throughout the treatment to provide better stability post retention. In the literature review the evolution of shape, prevalence of the archform is included along with the components and steps to determine an archform for a particular case.

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The case report depicted the orthodontic management of a 14 years old male patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent cleft lip surgery, palatoplasty and came to seek orthodontic treatment for an esthetic and pleasing smile. The patient came with an anterior crossbite, unilateral posterior crossbite on the left side, collapsed maxillary arch with malformed central incisors, supernumerary tooth and missing lateral incisors. Arch expansion achieved in the patient with a modified quad helix followed by fixed orthodontic treatment without any surgical intervention. Prosthetic support at the end gave remarkable results showing the improved appearance in conjugation with the boosted confidence of the patient. The patient was satisfied with the outcome of the treatment

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Introduction: Mast cells are mobile granule-containing secretory cells that are distributed preferentially about the microvascular endothelium in oral mucosa. Mast cell synthesis and release of mediators exerts potent immunoregulatory effects on other cell types, while several T-lymphocyte-derived cytokines influence mast cell migration and mediator release in oral leukoplakia which Sis a well known potentially malignant disorder. Aim: To enumerate role played by mast cells and the status of mast cell (Intact or Degranulated) density in mild, moderate and severe cases of epithelial dysplasias which are clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia compared to normal tissue. Materials and Methods: 30 formalin-fixed -paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of epithelial dysplasias (10-mild, 10-moderate, 10-severe cases), distilled water, 1%Toluidine blue, absolute alcohol and Xylene. Mast cells were counted in 4 random high power fields (40x) using eye-piece (10x) fitted with 1cm2 graticule. Results: A significant difference in the average number of Mast cells / 1 HPF at p<=0.005 was observed when compared the averages of Normal, Mild, Moderate and Severe cases. Conclusion: There is an increase in the number of mast cells gradually from mild, moderate to severe dysplasias but there is no significance when we compared mild with moderate dysplasias.