ABSTRACT
The kernels of Irvingia specie have been reported to used as soup thickener in some parts of Nigeria and also rich in protein, glucose, fat and oil and fatty acids. Hence, this research aims to assess the effect of Irvingia fruit kernel on the mean population density of Bacillus spp. Eleven isolates were identified as suspected Bacillus species using standard microbiological and biochemical testing techniques. Irvingia broth, Irvingia broth/tryptone (50/50) and tryptone soya broth were prepared, and Bacillus isolates were inoculated into the different broths and incubated at 300C for 14 days. All isolates were Gram positive, indole and oxidase negative, citrate negative (except isolate M1) and catalase negative (except Isolates F2,F3,FW2, FW3 and FW4). The maximum mean population density of Bacillus spp in Irvingia and Irvingia/Tryptone broths in Day1,3,7,10 and 14 were 3.1 x 108 cfu/ml (Irvingia/Tryptone), 3.1 x 108 cfu/ml (Irvingia), 3.1 x 108 cfu/ml (Irvingia and Irvingia/Tryptone), 4.0x108 cfu/ml (Irvingia and Irvingia/Tryptone) and 4.0x108 cfu/ml (Irvingia) respectively. The findings in this research signifies that Irvingia and Irvingia/Tryptone broths can support the growth of Bacillus spp just like tryptone soya broth.

ABSTRACT
Healthcare system in Nigeria is constantly facing several issues due to inadequate personnel or professionals to mount the facilities and attend to both in-patients and outpatients at various levels of healthcare system, ranging from primary, secondary and tertiary levels of healthcare across Nigeria in general and South-South in particular. This inadequate healthcare professionals have led to the decaying of facilities thus placing the healthcare system in a moribund state creating room for patient’s apathy. This study is aim to evaluate the Effects of Brain Drain on Health Care System in South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 350 (final year medical students 200 and house officers 150). A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 2 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The results revealed that 85.7% of the participants agreed that brain drain actually affects healthcare system, 97.1% was due to shortage of manpower, 94.3% agreed it affects patients, 71.4% affects revenue generation, 71.4% agreed BD increases quackery, 85.7% of them said it led to over labour, and 71.4% agreed that affects the economy. The study shows inadequate healthcare professionals as a result of brain drain has ruined our healthcare system and this have affected the revenue generation, training and re-training of healthcare personnel as well as contributing to patient’s apathy towards patronizing the healthcare facilities.

ABSTRACT
Niemann Pick is a rare lysosomal storage metabolic disease. It is a sphingomyelin-cholesterol lipidosis associated with the accumulation of foamy cells, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is divided into 3 main types (A/B, C). The biological diagnosis of type A/B relies on the enzymatic assay of acid sphingomyelinase, while that of type C is based on the search for plasma oxysterols which serves as the initial screening test, confirmed by genetic testing. The differential diagnosis consists of excluding other lysosomal diseases (Gaucher, Wolman).

ABSTRACT
Gaucher's disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by an enzymatic deficiency in glucocerebrosidases. The identification of Gaucher cells in cytology is a key marker but must be complemented by enzymatic and genetic analyses for a definitive diagnosis.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: The fast spread of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been praised for its potential to transform healthcare delivery, particularly among underserved groups. However, the efficacy of these tools is frequently moderated by complex socio-demographic factors that influence adoption, engagement, and health outcomes. Aim: This narrative review critically investigates how age, gender, education, poverty, and geographic location influence the adoption and effectiveness of mHealth interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with an emphasis on equitable access and program sustainability. Methodology: A systematic narrative methodology influenced by Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework and CRD recommendations was used to synthesise peer-reviewed literature and grey sources. The study uses theoretical frameworks such as the Health Belief Model, the COM-B framework and Fisher & Fisher's IMB model to understand behavioural and systemic trends. Findings: According to the findings, mHealth uptake is stratified by age and gender, with younger, urban, educated users benefiting the most. Key impediments include digital illiteracy, network restrictions, sociocultural norms, and economic inequalities, while facilitators include user-centred design, community-based interventions, and telecom collaborations. Conclusion: The review finds that a one-size-fits-all mHealth design is insufficient and it advocates for intersectional, equity-informed solutions that take into account different user experiences, strong policy frameworks, long-term funding, and ethical data governance.

ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was once labelled a 'White man’s disease' due to its ties to industrialized lifestyles, where prolonged exposure to environmental triggers can lead to this debilitating condition over time. From being the disease of developed countries, now it is entwined to developing countries; the only reason behind it is the changes in lifestyle. Treatment options for IBD include 5ASA, TNF alpha inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and others. While all these drugs are effective in induction and maintenance phase, no drugs are effective in treating and preventing IBD. Fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics and diet administrations with stem cells have recently developed in treating the disease. There is limited diagnosis available to treat IBD, forcing us to explore new possibilities and approaches to manage and subside IBD along with measures and treatments that prevent the disease from relapsing and recurring. Therefore, here in this review, we have attempted on describing what IBD is, its complications and current treatments available and finally emphasized on the novel biomarkers available or to be in developing stages along with other treatment options available for mitigating the disease including measures that may help prevent IBD from occurring.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The growing demand for natural health supplements has accelerated the development of nutraceutical gummies, offering a palatable and convenient mode of nutrient delivery. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of nutraceutical gummies incorporating Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) and Actinidia chinensis (Kiwifruit), both known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and digestive health-promoting properties. Various formulations were developed using natural gelling agents, sweeteners and flavoring agents to ensure optimal texture, taste, and bioactive stability. Physicochemical properties including pH, moisture content, texture profile and antioxidant capacity were assessed alongside microbial stability. The optimized formulation demonstrated desirable organoleptic characteristics and retained significant levels of phenolic and flavonoid content, supporting its potential as a functional health supplement. The findings suggest that incorporating Matricaria chamomilla and Actinidia chinensis into gummy matrices can yield a nutraceutical product with synergistic health benefits and high consumer appeal especially helpful for children and old age people.