ABSTRACT
Background: The most prevalent kind of diabetes that results from insulin resistance is type 2. Hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia are the traditional trifecta of symptoms associated with this illness. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of petersianthus macrocarpus ethanolic leaf extract on the lipid profile and haematological markers of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic wistar rats. Materials and methods: Five groups of rats were used: non-diabetic, diabetic, untreated, glibenclamide-treated, ethanolic extract-treated, and 100 mg/kg body weight-treated. Results: The body weight of the rats treated with 100 mg/kg body weight increased, while the body weight of the rats treated with 50 mg/kg body weight decreased, according to the results. Conclusion: 100 mg/kg body weight was determined to be the least effective therapeutic dose, indicating the potential of ethanolic leaf extracts.

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to establish the bacteriological profile of UTIs in children. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over one year. Urine samples were taken after local disinfection of the urinary meatus. Children who did not meet the criteria for UTI, i.e., leukocyturia greater than or equal to 104 leukocytes/mL, were excluded from our sample. Susceptibility to antibiotics was studied by agar diffusion. Results: Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequently isolated bacterial family in our series (65.65%). Escherichia coli was the most represented bacterial species (49.07%), followed by Klebsiella sp. (14.11%). Gram-positive cocci accounted for 26.38% of germs, including 18.71% Enterococcus sp. and 7.05% coagulase-negative staphylococci. ESBL was observed in 16.74% of enterobacteria. Carbapenem resistance was observed in 6.52% (3/46). Conclusion: E. coli was the germ most frequently isolated in urinary tract infections, with an average rate of resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and 3rd generation cephalosporins, but low for ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. ESBL-producing strains.

ABSTRACT
As a result of the pancreas not secreting the hormone insulin or secreting it in a low concentration, as the hormone is important in enhancing the ability of glucose to enter cells and produce energy, and the cumulative glucose analysis is HbA1c, also known as glycated hemoglobin, which is a product of glucose adhesion in the body with red blood cells (RBC). The pellets are effective from two to three months, and for this reason, 3 cumulative glucose readings are taken for the same period. This study was conducted at Al-Zawiya Central Hospital, Children’s Department, for 100 children with type 1 diabetes, of whom 46 were males and 54 were females, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the cumulative sugar levels for children and adolescents with diabetes, as the study showed a weakness in the cumulative rate, which was high at a rate of 10.6%, and a lack of care for diabetes with a lack of regular exercise.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Heavy chain disease (HCD) is characterized by the production of a truncated heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulin lacking the corresponding light chains. The aim is to highlight the difficulties associated with the biological diagnosis of this pathology. Observation: Serum protein electrophoresis showed hypogammaglobulinemia with restricted gammaglobulin heterogeneity and a peak migrating into the beta-2 globulin zone. Immunofixation revealed a monoclonal band in the gamma heavy chain, with no correspondence with the Kappa or Lambda light chains. Conclusion: The observation we have presented reveals that the diagnosis of gamma heavy chain disease is delicate and relies on several techniques.

ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic or atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric lymphoma, and gastric cancer in children and adolescents. People with the blood group O have an estimated 16.3% higher risk of developing H. pylori infection and thus at risk of developing gastric carcinoma among other complications. Knowledge of determinants of H. pylori can help design interventions to prevent helicobacter pylori infection. Objectives: To find out the determinants of helicobacter pylori infection among patients with blood group O among African population. Methods: The study was cross sectional prospective design that targeted 50 patients who tested positive at Siaya county referral hospital between June 20 and October 5 2023. Each patient who consented to participate in the study blood samples were taken for grouping. Demographic characteristics were collected through interviews sessions. Results: Majority 38 (76%) of the patients who tested positive were females. Females and males are not infected by helicobacter pylori in equal chances (p=0.000). Majority of patients 23 (46%) were aged between 15-29 years, followed by 45-59 years (14, 28%), 30-44 years (9, 18%), 60-64 years (2, 4%) and more than 75 (2, 4%). Age categories do not occur with equal chance (p=0.000) thus persons aged 15-29 are likely to be infected by helicobacter pylori infection. Majority of patients (48, 96%) were Christians. There was significant statistical relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and religion (p=0.000). There was no statistically significant relationship between employment status and infection with h pylori infection (p=0.203). Majority (22, 44%) of the patients had secondary education level. Education level is significantly associated with h pylori infection (p=0.04). Majority of patients (25, 50%) had a body mass index of 25-30. BMI does not occur with equal chances and as such patients with BMI 25-30 are likely to have h pylori ........

ABSTRACT
Joint mobilization also called joint manipulation technique commonly used in a clinical setting to improve the range of movement of a joint in order to prevent stiffness and pain. Any joint which presents with pain or stiffness can be treated with mobilization except in rare instances such as where there is malignancy, bone infection, spinal cord compression or unhealed fracture. There are different grades of mobilization used to treat various conditions. Where there is significant local pain and inflammation, gentle mobilization is used (Grade 1 or 2) to help with pain relief and reduce inflammation by promoting movement. In conditions where there is not much pain but rather the main problem is joint stiffness, then a more vigorous mobilizing technique (Grade 3 or 4) can be used to help restore full range of movement. The manipulation can be considered as an advanced way of joint mobilization, because it shares the same biomechanical principles. So, in OMT, the manipulation consists on a linear translatoric movement (traction or gliding) performed in the joint’s resting position, through a high velocity, low amplitude and low force thrust. These linear translatoric thrust techniques are technically more difficult to perform, but equally effective and much safer than the rotatory thrusts that have been traditionally performed. The manipulations are performed with the aim of obtaining joint surface separation and restoring the gliding component in joints that, even if they show an appropriate end-feel, they are hypomobile when examining them. It is a very effective technique if it is performed correctly and if it is indicated, but in the opposite cases it also carries serious injury risk. Because of the risk it can carry, and because of the expertise grade it requires for its execution, the manipulation training, mainly in the spine, for those physical therapists who have demonstrated their experience in the joint mobilization. However, basic low risk and equally ...

ABSTRACT
Background: The World Health Organization is saddled with the responsibilities of regulating health care services across the globe and had over the years provided reference values to various medical parameters for clinicians and medical research. However, due to socio-economic variations amidst different populations in various parts of the world, the standard reference values had significantly differed among different races, tribes, gender and socio-economic backgrounds. Consequently, several regions of the world now had their respective local medical references. Back home in Nigeria and Port Harcourt in particular, over-reliance on this WHO references still prevail as a result of the absence of our local reference data. To this end, this study therefore investigates the Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Haematological Indices in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 participants across 3 different socio-economic classes (Upper, Middle and Lower Classes) were recruited into the study using well-structured questionnaires based on purposive non-probability sampling techniques. Blood samples were also aspirated and analysed for haematological parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC, Platelets) against their socio-economic variables (gender, level education, income level and nutritional intakes). Results and Discussions: Result from the study showed that both male and female haematological parameters were significantly (ρ≤0.05) different from the WHO reference. Significant difference in low and high level education was also noted among the educational group whereas the middle class education was not. The income level among the 3 economic classes and their nutritional groups were also significant (ρ≤0.05) whereas those on balanced diets were not. Conclusion: The study therefore concluded that gender, income, education and nutrition of the people of Port Harcourt significantly (ρ≤0.05) affected their haematological parameters as compared with the global .....