ABSTRACT
Thiaminase (EC 2.5.1.2) is an enzyme that cleaves thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties resulting in thiamine deficiency in various organisms. It is classified into two main types: Thiaminase I and Thiaminase II defined by the nucleophile used in the mechanism by which the cleavage is accomplished. Thiaminase I employs a variety of nucleophiles including, amines and sulfhydryl compounds while thiaminase II exclusively uses water for hydrolysis of thiamine. The crystal structure of thiaminase I reveals a deep cleft that accommodates thiamine and highlighting important residues that assists in its breakdown. This process disrupts thiamine’s biological function leading to metabolic disturbances. Physiochemically, thiaminase exhibits specific properties that influence its activity, such as optimal pH of 4-8 and temperature ranges from 40-60◦c. Thiaminase is naturally found in various organisms including certain plants, bacteria and marine animals where it can act as an antinutrient. Consequently, thiaminase activity elicits life threatening conditions such as beriberi and Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome due to thiamine depletion. Furthermore, this can lead to significant neurological conditions, including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, studies have suggested that native thiaminase and Polyethylene glycol-modified (PEGylated) thiaminase I enzyme may have potential applications in cancer therapy by impairing mitochrondrial respiration in cancer cells. This suggests that thiaminase may likely be a potential source of novel cancer chemotherapeutic agent via the impairment of DNA synthesis and energy metabolism in cancerous cells.

ABSTRACT
Vitamin D is a crucial hormone in phosphocalcium homeostasis. Although vitamin D intoxication is rare, its complications can be dramatic, affecting both the short-term vital prognosis and long-term renal function. We report here a case of hypercalcemia due to vitamin D intoxication, with the aim of analyzing the factors that contribute to vitamin D intoxication, assessing the consequences of this intoxication on the child's health, and proposing recommendations for appropriate management. The patient was a 6-year-old child with a history of common nutritional rickets for which he had been receiving vitamin D supplementation. The patient was admitted to the pediatric emergency department of Children's Hospital in Rabat for incoercible vomiting and acute dehydration. Biological assessment showed severe hypercalcemia at 150mg/l, hypercalciuria at 192 mg /24 hours. The serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D was greater than 154 ng/ml. The diagnosis retained was as hypercalcemia due to vitamin D intoxication, confirmed by an in-depth interview with the parents, who found a over administration of the recommended dose. The evolution was marked by chronic kidney disease due to nephrocalcinosis (creatinine clearance according to the SCHWARTZ formula 17 ml/min). Heterogeneity of the expression forms of vitamin D dosages and intake regimens leads to confusion and increases the risk of misuse, as in the case of our patient, where a misreading of the medical prescription led to the intentional ingestion of toxic doses, hence the need for close and adequate medical supervision and awareness of vitamin D supplement use among healthcare professionals and parents.

ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity has been recognized as an important risk factor for hyperuricemia although the exact mechanism is not well understood. The goal of this study is to evaluate serum uric acid levels in obese subjects. Methods: A total of 100 individuals with 50 obese patients and 50 healthy non-obese controls. Serum uric acid, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - C) and triglycerides (TGs) were measured. Serum uric acid was evaluated using uricase method. The serum TC was estimated using modified Liebermann – Burchard reaction. HDL – C estimation involved a two – staged procedure using Liebermann Burchard reaction, LDL – C was calculated using Friedwald’s equation while TGs were estimated using enzymatic methods on commercial kits. Results: In this study, serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the obese group compared to healthy controls (510.0 + 72.5 Vs 320.0 + 34.2: p<0.001). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia has been observed in patients with obesity and therefore the need to screen all obese patients for serum uric acid levels.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with an eosinophilic component (AML4Eo) is a particular and rare hematological entity, representing between 5% and 8% of all acute myeloid leukemias. The aim of our work is to highlight the clinical and cytogenetic epidemiological particularities of this pathology at the Hassan II University Hospital in FES. Patients and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study spread over 14 years (January 2009-January 2023) including all patients diagnosed with LAM4Eo.Myelogram reading as well as immunophenotyping by flow cytometry on Cytomic FC500 were performed at the central hematology laboratory and cytogenetics at the genetics laboratory CHU HASSAN II of FES. Clinical data were collected from patients' medical charts. Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled. The mean age at diagnosis was 20.4 years, with a predominance of males (54%) most patients presented with an altered general condition, signs of cytopenia and a tumor syndrome. All patients presented with profound anemia associated with thrombocytopenia and hyperleukocytosis. Blood smears showed the presence of peripheral blasts in 80% of cases. All medullograms met the morphological criteria established by the FAB (Franco-American-British) classification for the diagnosis of LAM4Eo.Cytochemical staining with myeloperoxidase was performed on all medullograms and was positive in all cases. Immunophenotyping was carried out in 56% of patients, showing the existence of very immature blasts expressing myeloblast and monoblast markers. Four of our patients underwent cytogenetic studies, with no translocation or inversion of chromosome 16. Three patients died immediately after diagnosis. The other patients were put on chemotherapy, two of whom died during treatment. Discussion/Conclusion: LAM4Eo is a rare hematological malignancy with a better prognosis than other myeloid leukemias. Despite the development of cytogenetics and molecular biology techniques, morphological examination ..

ABSTRACT
Background: Low Back pain [LBP] is an extremely common human phenomenon. It is a significant source of long-term disability and work absence and accounts for approximately 80% for the total costs of back pain care. Work related musculoskeletal disorders and in particular low back pain, pose a major health and socioeconomic problem in modern society. Prolonged standing has become a major contributing factor for low back pain and traffic duty of police officers is one of the most common occupations for exposure to a prolonged standing for about four hours a day. Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain and its association with standing among traffic policemen. Methodology: The six months study was conducted on 180 subjects after obtaining the permission from the Assistant Commissioner of Police, Traffic, Bhubaneswar. These subjects were divided in to two groups of 90 each. The Group-A consisted of traffic policemen those were involved in standing for at least four hours a day and Group-B consisted of professionals from the same department other than traffic policemen those were not involved in standing activities most of the time during their duty hours. Results: There is an approximately perfect positive correlation between the levels of pain and disability index in Group-A and Group-B with r-value of 0.9926 and 0.9785 respectively. There is a significant difference between the levels of pain in Group-A and Group-B with t-value of 6.72 (p≤0.001). There is a significant difference between the levels of disability index in Group-A and Group-B with t-value of 6.33 (p≤0.001). Standing is associated with pain and disability index in Group-A more than Group-B with chi-square value of 14.4 (p≤0.001). The prevalence of pain and disability index in Group-A was 47% and in group-B, it was 20%. Conclusion: The study showed that low back pain is highly prevalent among traffic policemen and standing is significantly associated with low back pain.

ABSTRACT
Numerous fungi can cause a variety of diseases in both humans and animals. Some are pathogenic or opportunistic: meaning this fungi cause disease when they find an opportunity to do so, such as when immunity is low or the right conditions are present for the fungus to grow. Fungi sinusitis is one of disease. This study involved the isolation, diagnosis, and analysis of fungi that cause sinusitis in a number of individuals who were diagnosed with the disease by a medical professional. Fungi were grown from patient samples on plates, and the fungus's shape on the dish was used to aid in the diagnosis process. beneath an optical microscope. Studies have also looked at the connection between this fungal infection and a number of variables, such as the patient's age, gender, and the chronic disease.

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the technology used to measure radon concentrations in 8 health centers of Al- Hay city in Wasit, Iraq (December 2019) is one of the types of solid state nuclear track detectors, LR-115. After that, the annual effective dose rate and the excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated for the selected positions in the study area. The detectors were exposed to radon for 45 days, the etched detectors, using an optical microscope, to calculate the track densities, essentially depend on the alpha ray emitted from radon which later on easy converted to radon concentration values. Radon concentration ranges are from (183.47±22.93 to 17.15±2.14) Bq/m3 with a mean of (100.483Bq/m3), which lower than the appropriate radon levels recommended by ICRP "International Commission on Radiological Protection". The readings of "Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk" (ELCR), which ranges from 3.9 ×10-3 to 8.05 ×10-3 with an average value of 0.53% showing that human health is not under risk even it does not develop any lung cancer while human inhale the radon.