ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical manifestation of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD). It is caused by Leishmania transmitted to humans by the bite of a small infested sandfly: the female sandfly. The objective of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical profile and the nature of the parasite responsible for LC in Zinder. Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Retrospective data was collected from patients registered at the laboratory level of the district hospital and the Kara-kara health center from January 2017 to May 2021. This study helped determine the frequency of CL in the Zinder region as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the cases. The prospective collection carried out at the HNZ over a period of seven (7) months from June 01, 2021 to December 31, 2021, made it possible to determine the nature of the parasite responsible for CL in Zinder as well as the management practices. Discussion/Conclusion: This study is the first to identify in molecular biology the parasite responsible for CL in Niger. The parasitic species identified in circulation in the city of Zinder was L. major for all PCR positive cases. Metronidazole was the reference treatment; administered orally. The evolution was favorable with a cure rate of 66% and 44% of sight loss.

ABSTRACT
Background: Erectile dysfunction is a distressing condition that impacts negatively a man’s well-being. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a useful indicator of overall health that has gained wide acceptance as the patient-centred approach to assessing overall health. Objectives: This survey assessed the prevalence and pattern of erectile dysfunctions and their association with health-related quality of life. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study and interviewed 392 sexually active adult male patients with the aid of interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires at the general outpatient clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. The HRQOL was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life abridged version (WHOQOL-BREF), while ED was assessed with the International Index for Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5). Result: A total of 235 (59.9%) had ED: of those, 67 (28.5%) had mild ED, 77 (32.8%) had mild to moderate ED, 57 (24.3%) had moderate ED, and 34 (14.4%) had severe ED. Respondents with ED had lower mean HRQOL scores across all domains, (psychological f=94.700 p=0.001, Physical f=68.582 p=0.001, environmental f=30.314 p=0.0001, social f=8.346 p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of ED was high among the study population. Although ED negatively impacted all HRQOL domains, the psychological domain had the most profound impairment.

ABSTRACT
Background: Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a moderately common musculoskeletal disorder that arises after soft tissue involvement of the glenohumeral joint and manifests as shoulder discomfort and limits of active and passive mobility. Local injections of glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physiotherapy may all alleviate the symptoms. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of glenohumeral injections of Glucocorticoid in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and therapeutic exercise in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Method: Randomization was used to assign 68 patients with primary adhesive capsulitis in the freezing stage to intra-articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide 80 mg and oral NSAIDs and therapeutic exercise. The abridged Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) score for function was used to record clinical outcomes at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Statistical Analysis: Using the Student t test or the chi-square test, correlations between baseline demographic and clinical variables between the two therapy groups were evaluated. Using mixed-effect models with random patient effects, we estimated changes in the mean functional and ROM outcomes (1) between follow-up and baseline measures within each group and (2) between the 2 groups at each time point. Using SPSS 23, the analysis was conducted on patients with full data at all follow-up assessments. A P value <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Result: Female in both the group were prevalent than the male group. In terms of mean age and distribution of sex, shoulder dominance, duration of symptoms, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism, there were no significant differences between the two groups based on demographic data and possible risk factors at baseline. Until week 8, there were substantial differences in favor of the intervention group (week 2 and 4, P .001; ...

ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal obesity during pregnancy is now seen as one of the most common risk factors that can lead to negative outcomes for both mothers and their babies. Obesity is becoming a more significant concern in the field of obstetrics, and it is imperative that we prioritize its management. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the fetomaternal outcome among pregnant women with different BMI. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted on the admitted patients with full term singleton pregnancy in labour in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from July 2021 to January 2022. A total of 150 pregnant women with full term singleton pregnancy in labour were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken from each respondent. All data relevant to variables of the study was collected in a data collection sheet. Results: Study revealed a significant difference between normal and overweight BMI in Anaemia, with 34 (45.33%) vs 12 (16%) p<0.001. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 4 (5.33%) vs 13 (17.33%), respectively p 0.02, Preeclampsia 5 (6.67%) vs 14 (18.67%), respectively p 0.02, Large for Gestational Age 2 (2.67%) vs 11 (14.7%), respectively p 0.009, and Small for Gestational Age 12 (16.0) vs 4 (5.33%), respectively p 0.03. Macrosomia (>4.0kg), APGAR score < 7 at 1min and NICU admission were significantly higher in overweight/obese mother compare to normal weight group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overweight/obese during pregnancy carries high maternal and fetal risks. Increase in the need for induction of labor, instrumental delivery, caesarean section was associated with pregnancies complicated with overweight/obese.

ABSTRACT
Microbial and physicochemical analysis of New Calabar and Ogba Rivers was done. The results showed that the microbial and physicochemical parameters varied in some parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) that were within WHO acceptable limit as well phosphates and nitrates that were low according WHO. It is also evident in this study that physicochemical parameters varied between raining and dry seasons but both rivers were more contaminated and polluted during dry season. Generally New Calabar and Ogba rivers are contaminated with waste products and heavy microbial loads. It is therefore recommended that proper monitoring and control of rivers by the government should be encouraged.

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Introduction: The management of postoperative pain is a public health problem in our context. The aim of this work is to study the management of postoperative pain at Zinder National Hospital. Patients and method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study including patients operated on at Zinder National Hospital from June 1 to December 31, 2023 (6 months). Results: During the study period, 1349 patients underwent surgery, 250 of whom met our inclusion criteria, i.e. a frequency of 18.53%. The mean age of patients was 40.01±21.05 years, with extremes of 15-88 years. Males predominated in 75% of cases, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 3. General anesthesia (GA) was used in 60.4% of cases. In 54.8% of cases, the classification was ASA I. The most commonly used drug regimen for anesthesia was (fentanyl, Suxamethonium and ketamine) in 38.4% of cases. We selected and assessed our patients using the visual analog scale (VAS). Patients with no postoperative pain at H0, H6, H12, H 24 represented 69.2%; 42.8%; 36.8%; and 55.6% respectively. The most commonly used medications were Paracetamol, Tramadol and Néfopam. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 3.6% of cases. The outcome was favorable, with a 92.4% satisfaction rate. Conclusion: Postoperative pain management was multimodal and satisfactory with fewer side.

ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Serum biomarkers such as CA 125 and CA 19-9 have been proposed as diagnostic tools, though their correlation with disease severity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 with the severity of endometriosis, and to assess their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting the stage of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from June 2019 to December 2020. A total of 80 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were included. Serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 were measured and correlated with the clinical stage of the disease. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.24±5.11 years. Serum CA 125 was elevated in 50% of patients, with a mean value of 70.59±74.108 IU/ml, while CA 19-9 was elevated in 48.8%, with a mean value of 58.40±77.67 IU/ml. A positive correlation was observed between serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 levels with the severity of endometriosis (rs=0.531, p<0.001 for CA 125; rs=0.435, p<0.001 for CA 19-9). Conclusion: Serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 levels are significantly correlated with the severity of endometriosis. These markers can serve as valuable noninvasive tools for assessing disease stage and severity in clinical practice.