ABSTRACT
Background: Erectile dysfunction is a distressing condition that impacts negatively a man’s well-being. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a useful indicator of overall health that has gained wide acceptance as the patient-centred approach to assessing overall health. Objectives: This survey assessed the prevalence and pattern of erectile dysfunctions and their association with health-related quality of life. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study and interviewed 392 sexually active adult male patients with the aid of interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questionnaires at the general outpatient clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. The HRQOL was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life abridged version (WHOQOL-BREF), while ED was assessed with the International Index for Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5). Result: A total of 235 (59.9%) had ED: of those, 67 (28.5%) had mild ED, 77 (32.8%) had mild to moderate ED, 57 (24.3%) had moderate ED, and 34 (14.4%) had severe ED. Respondents with ED had lower mean HRQOL scores across all domains, (psychological f=94.700 p=0.001, Physical f=68.582 p=0.001, environmental f=30.314 p=0.0001, social f=8.346 p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of ED was high among the study population. Although ED negatively impacted all HRQOL domains, the psychological domain had the most profound impairment.

ABSTRACT
Background: Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a moderately common musculoskeletal disorder that arises after soft tissue involvement of the glenohumeral joint and manifests as shoulder discomfort and limits of active and passive mobility. Local injections of glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physiotherapy may all alleviate the symptoms. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of glenohumeral injections of Glucocorticoid in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and therapeutic exercise in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Method: Randomization was used to assign 68 patients with primary adhesive capsulitis in the freezing stage to intra-articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide 80 mg and oral NSAIDs and therapeutic exercise. The abridged Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) score for function was used to record clinical outcomes at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Statistical Analysis: Using the Student t test or the chi-square test, correlations between baseline demographic and clinical variables between the two therapy groups were evaluated. Using mixed-effect models with random patient effects, we estimated changes in the mean functional and ROM outcomes (1) between follow-up and baseline measures within each group and (2) between the 2 groups at each time point. Using SPSS 23, the analysis was conducted on patients with full data at all follow-up assessments. A P value <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Result: Female in both the group were prevalent than the male group. In terms of mean age and distribution of sex, shoulder dominance, duration of symptoms, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism, there were no significant differences between the two groups based on demographic data and possible risk factors at baseline. Until week 8, there were substantial differences in favor of the intervention group (week 2 and 4, P .001; ...

ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal obesity during pregnancy is now seen as one of the most common risk factors that can lead to negative outcomes for both mothers and their babies. Obesity is becoming a more significant concern in the field of obstetrics, and it is imperative that we prioritize its management. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the fetomaternal outcome among pregnant women with different BMI. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted on the admitted patients with full term singleton pregnancy in labour in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from July 2021 to January 2022. A total of 150 pregnant women with full term singleton pregnancy in labour were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken from each respondent. All data relevant to variables of the study was collected in a data collection sheet. Results: Study revealed a significant difference between normal and overweight BMI in Anaemia, with 34 (45.33%) vs 12 (16%) p<0.001. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 4 (5.33%) vs 13 (17.33%), respectively p 0.02, Preeclampsia 5 (6.67%) vs 14 (18.67%), respectively p 0.02, Large for Gestational Age 2 (2.67%) vs 11 (14.7%), respectively p 0.009, and Small for Gestational Age 12 (16.0) vs 4 (5.33%), respectively p 0.03. Macrosomia (>4.0kg), APGAR score < 7 at 1min and NICU admission were significantly higher in overweight/obese mother compare to normal weight group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overweight/obese during pregnancy carries high maternal and fetal risks. Increase in the need for induction of labor, instrumental delivery, caesarean section was associated with pregnancies complicated with overweight/obese.

ABSTRACT
Microbial and physicochemical analysis of New Calabar and Ogba Rivers was done. The results showed that the microbial and physicochemical parameters varied in some parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) that were within WHO acceptable limit as well phosphates and nitrates that were low according WHO. It is also evident in this study that physicochemical parameters varied between raining and dry seasons but both rivers were more contaminated and polluted during dry season. Generally New Calabar and Ogba rivers are contaminated with waste products and heavy microbial loads. It is therefore recommended that proper monitoring and control of rivers by the government should be encouraged.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The management of postoperative pain is a public health problem in our context. The aim of this work is to study the management of postoperative pain at Zinder National Hospital. Patients and method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study including patients operated on at Zinder National Hospital from June 1 to December 31, 2023 (6 months). Results: During the study period, 1349 patients underwent surgery, 250 of whom met our inclusion criteria, i.e. a frequency of 18.53%. The mean age of patients was 40.01±21.05 years, with extremes of 15-88 years. Males predominated in 75% of cases, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 3. General anesthesia (GA) was used in 60.4% of cases. In 54.8% of cases, the classification was ASA I. The most commonly used drug regimen for anesthesia was (fentanyl, Suxamethonium and ketamine) in 38.4% of cases. We selected and assessed our patients using the visual analog scale (VAS). Patients with no postoperative pain at H0, H6, H12, H 24 represented 69.2%; 42.8%; 36.8%; and 55.6% respectively. The most commonly used medications were Paracetamol, Tramadol and Néfopam. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 3.6% of cases. The outcome was favorable, with a 92.4% satisfaction rate. Conclusion: Postoperative pain management was multimodal and satisfactory with fewer side.

ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Serum biomarkers such as CA 125 and CA 19-9 have been proposed as diagnostic tools, though their correlation with disease severity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 with the severity of endometriosis, and to assess their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting the stage of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from June 2019 to December 2020. A total of 80 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were included. Serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 were measured and correlated with the clinical stage of the disease. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.24±5.11 years. Serum CA 125 was elevated in 50% of patients, with a mean value of 70.59±74.108 IU/ml, while CA 19-9 was elevated in 48.8%, with a mean value of 58.40±77.67 IU/ml. A positive correlation was observed between serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 levels with the severity of endometriosis (rs=0.531, p<0.001 for CA 125; rs=0.435, p<0.001 for CA 19-9). Conclusion: Serum CA 125 and CA 19-9 levels are significantly correlated with the severity of endometriosis. These markers can serve as valuable noninvasive tools for assessing disease stage and severity in clinical practice.

ABSTRACT
Background: Adenoid and tonsils which play a protective role against infections in healthy individuals may become a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of the adenoid and palatine tonsils continue to be a major burden among children in our environment. Bacteria colonize the surface and core of the adenoid and tonsils. In University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, there is a practice of taking surface swab of palatine tonsils for microscopy, culture and sensitivity to guide antimicrobial therapy which may not reflect the core pathogens. There may be a difference between surface and core aerobic bacteriology of adenoid and tonsils hence this study. Aim: To compare surface versus core aerobic bacteria of adenoid and tonsillar tissues in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy at University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study involving fifty(50) paediatric participants aged 3-7years undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Informed consent was sought from patient’s caregiver and a pretested proforma was used to recruit the participants for the study. Surface swabs of the tonsils and adenoid were taken following general anaesthesia and orotracheal intubation in the theatre. The core tissue specimens of adenoid and tonsils were collected after adenotonsillectomy. The core specimens and surface swabs were sent immediately to microbiology laboratory for processing. Isolation of bacteria by Gram staining and biochemical testing was done, followed by susceptibility testing and beta-lactamase production detection. Results were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20. Pearson’s chi square statistics was used to determine the difference in the bacteriology between the surface and core of the adenoid and tonsils. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the demographic characteristics of the study group, age range less ...