ABSTRACT
Context: The covid-19 pandemic has shaken the world in a deadliest way and also disrupted the food system. In Ivory Coast, malnutrition already exists, so it was important to assess the impact of this pandemic on the nutritional status of schoolchildren after this crisis. Thus this study is carried out to evaluate the relationship of sociodemographic characteristics on the nutritional status of schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study took place from September 2021 to January 2022, with 1,374 schoolchildren aged 5 to 15 years in the commune of Abobo. Sociodemographic characteristics as well as anthropometric parameters were obtained using a questionnaire administered to schoolchildren. Characteristics such as gender, age, profession as well as the level of education of parents and practice of sporting activity were provided. Anthropometry was measured and thinness, overweight and obesity were defined using a standard protocol. Result: The nutritional status of schoolchildren indicates that 15.3% of schoolchildren in the commune of Abobo suffer from thinness and 3.4% are overweight/obese according to the BMI-age indicator. The nutritional status of children according to gender indicates that 17.2% of boys are thin compared to 13.4% of girls. As for overweight/obesity, it is 4.4% among girls and 2.4% among boys. This difference between the nutritional status of schoolchildren and gender is significant (p˂0.05). The level of education of the children's father and the level of education of the schoolchildren are significantly linked to the nutritional status of the schoolchildren. On the other hand, the age of schoolchildren, the level of education of the mother, as well as the practice of sporting activity are not linked to malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study shows that the BMI of schoolchildren is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as age, the educational level of the father and that of the schoolchildren as well as the sex ..

ABSTRACT
The volume of heavy metals in two different fish samples were examined in this report, dry ashing was adopted to digest the samples and the determination of the heavy metals were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. from the analyzed sample the concentration of cadimium in all the samples analyzed were below WHO permissible limits which is 0.2 mg/kg, From the different analyzed samples the concentration of lead was below the WHO’s allowable limits which is 0.05 mg/kg, however, catfish and tilapia fish samples gotten from Amasomma have the highest concentration of lead 0.0042 ±0.0021 and 0.0030 ±0.001 respectively. The concentration of cadmium, Aluminium and Manganese are below WHO permissible limits for these heavy metals.

ABSTRACT
Nutritional studies make little reference to essential amino acids to explain undernutrition in protein-energy malnutrition. This study aimed to carry out biochemical characterization and amino acid profiling of Detarium microcarpum and Adansonia digitata fruit pulps and Moringa oleifera leaf powder to show their contribution to protein balance. Biochemical analyses and amino acid profiles were carried out using standard methods and statistically analyzed using XLstat 2016 software. Results are expressed on a dry matter basis. Moringa powder had the highest ash, lipid and protein contents, at 10.72%, 8.75% and 23.85% respectively, compared with 4.14%, 1.99% and 4.19% for Detarium. Adansonia pulp had the lowest lipid and protein contents, at 1.36% and 1.83% respectively. In terms of total amino acids, Moringa powder had the highest content at 15.59%, while baobab pulp had the lowest at 2.18%. Essential amino acids for Moringa powder were higher and more balanced than for fruit. Histidine was absent in Adansonia digitata pulp, while methionine was absent in both Adansonia digitata and Detarium microcarpum pulps. Thus, blending the three resources could result in products with high nutritional value.

ABSTRACT
The study aims to know the influence of smoking time using bio briquettes leaf kesambi torrefied on pH and meat protein content sei cow. The study used a design complete with a duration of smoking 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. piece meat weighing 8 kg sliced transverse 2-3 cm thick and soaked in a mixture of 16 grams of salt, 2.4 grams of saltpetre, and 2 cloves of onion white. The meat was then soaked for 2 hours inside a sokal (a basket made of palm leaves) and closed thermocouple meat entered into in meat for measuring internal temperature. Temperature room smoking guarded between 100°C and 150°C, monitored by 4 thermocouple sensors. The internal temperature of meat was monitored between 63°C and 77°C. Analysis variance shows that old curing is influential on the pH and protein content of meat sei cow. The highest protein value was found in the long smoking treatment of 60 minutes (26.13%), different real with the long smoking treatment of 90 minutes. Duration Smoking also affects pH parameters. The pH value of the 60 minutes smoking treatment (7.10) was different real with longer smoking treatments 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Treatment best is the long smoking time of 60 minutes which produces the highest protein content of 26.13% with a pH of 7.10.

ABSTRACT
Viral hepatitis is a significant global public health issue. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and ntritional risk factors for HAV, HBV, and HCV infections in Babylon Governorate. A statistics of 328 patients with confirmed viral hepatitis attended different health institutions in Babylon governorate were collected form Department of Public Health of Babylon Governorate and included in this study. It was a trial to assess nutritional status of the patients. There were 41.16%, 40.24%, and 18.60% of patients are diagnosed with type A, B, and C viral hepatitis respectively. A significant association between hepatitis infections and vaccine intake, transmission methods (contact with infected patient, accident, and blood transfusion), and laboratory tests (sALT). In Conclusion Viral Hepatitis in Babylon necessitate broader vaccination coverage and tailored public health initiatives. A comprehensive approach including vaccination, screening, education, and nutrition support that essential for prevention.

ABSTRACT
Adolescence, a critical phase of rapid physical, social, and psychological growth, encompasses individuals aged 10 to 19 years, Evaluating nutritional status for decades has involved standard methods like dietary, anthropometric, biochemical tests, and clinical signs, often incorporating socioeconomic status (SES) as a key determinant. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of students (10-12 years old) attending three types of basic schools whose families’ SES was categorized according to school fees paid as high, medium and low. Methodology: This cross-sectional community-based study investigated the influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on the nutritional status, school performance, and self-esteem of children aged 10-12 years attending basic schools 2014. 210 participants were chosen. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements and a questionnaire covering demography, dietary patterns, self-esteem assessments, and school performance obtained from schools. Statistical package for social sciences version 26 used for analysis. Result: Data from 210 students (45.2% boys, 54.8% girls) The findings revealed a significant impact of family SES (P=000) on nutritional status, energy and protein intake, school performance, and self-esteem. Low SES families had a higher prevalence of underweight children (66.7%), while high SES families had more overweight and obese children. Those from high SES consumed more animal foods, fast foods, fresh fruits, and vegetables compared to medium and low SES groups. High school grades were predominantly achieved by high and medium SES students, with low SES students obtaining lower grades. Normal-weight students exhibited better school performance and self-esteem than overweight, obese, and underweight students. In conclusion, family SES significantly influenced the nutritional status, school performance, and self-esteem of children attending basic schools. Recommendations, to ensure students' well-being, ..

ABSTRACT
Immunosuppression is a particular pathology reflecting a weakening of immune system and constituting a factor of exposure to other diseases. It is therefore both a disease and a risk factor. The aim of this work was to prevent a possible immune deficiency by using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Forty eigth albino rats including 24 males and 24 females divided into 12 group weighing between 107g and 140g were used. Different doses of the leaves aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera respectively 200 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw, 800 mg/kg bw and 1600 mg/kg bw were compared with controls subjected to distilled water and 50 mg/kg bw of Levamisole for 14 days. At the end of this 14-day treatment, immunosuppression was achieved by intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg bw of dexamethasone in all rats divided into groups for three days twice a day. Then a two-week observation was made to assess changes of the different immune cells after administration of dexamethasone. During the experiment, five samples were taken on day 1, day 14, day 17, day 21 and day 28. These different samples allowed the determination of hematological and immune proteins parameters. The obtained results showed an improvement in the immune status on day 14 with a highly significant increase (p<0,001) in white blood cells, a non-significant increase in neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and immature granulocytes unlike the control subjected to distilled water. The administration of dexamethasone on day 17, total leukocytes in rats of group V and VI decreased in significantly. Contrarily controls and doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw. From day 21 to day 28, the levels of the various immune cells increased significantly. In conclusion, 800 mg/kg bw and 1600 mg/kg bw of aqueous extract have a good profile to prevent possible immune deficiency.